B1 - Cell biology Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles, found in animals, plants and fungi
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus - bacterial cells
What is a nucleus?
The part of a cell that contains DNA
What is cytoplasm?
The fluid inside a cell in which chemical reactions take place
What is the cell membrane?
A membrane surrounding the cell that controls what enters and leaves it
What are the mitochondria?
The part of the cell where aerobic respiration takes place
What are ribosomes?
The parts of the cell where protein synthesis takes place
What are chloroplasts?
The part of the cell where photosynthesis takes place
What is a vacuole?
A bubble of fluid in a cell that gives it structure
What is cell differentiation?
When cells become specialised
What is mitosis?
The division of a cell
What is a stem cell?
Cells that are undifferentiated and can turn into any type of cell
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from a HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration down a concentration gradient
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from a concentrated solution to a more dilute solution through a semi-permeable membrane
What is active transport?
The movement of particles, e.g. mineral ions, from a LOW concentration to a HIGH concentration, against the concentration gradient, using energy
