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BMAT bio > B5: DNA > Flashcards

B5: DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define genome

A

all genetic material found in each cell of an organism

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2
Q

DNA molecule is a large…

A

polymer

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3
Q

define polymer

A

made of chain of similar, smaller subunits called monomers

joined by chemical bonds

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4
Q

what does a nucleotide contain

A

deoxyribose sugar
a phosphate
nitrogenous base

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5
Q

4 diff bases are

A

adenine
guanine
thymine
cytosine

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6
Q

complementary bases are

A

the two bases that always pair together

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7
Q

bases of dna is important as it…

A

determines shape of protein made

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8
Q

dna is stored as

A

long thread like structures,

called chromosomes

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9
Q

chromsomes are only visible whem

A

cells are dividing

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10
Q

genes code for

A

proteins

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11
Q

all amino acids contain

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxgen
nitrogen

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12
Q

protein syntheisis is

A

process of assembling proteins from indivudal amino avids

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13
Q

cell reads genetic code as

A

triplets ( each made of 3 bases)

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14
Q

define gene mutation

A

change in organisms DNA

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15
Q

gene mutations cause

A

changes in base order of DNA

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16
Q

change in base order may…

A

change triplet in gene
triplet may code for diff amino acid
may cause change in structure of protein produced

17
Q

effect of mutation on enzyme

A

triplet could code for diff amino acid
causing shape of active site to change
so active site no longer complementary to substrate
so enzyme usless

18
Q

mutations can effect

A

phenotypes

19
Q

why do most mutations have no effect on phenotype

A

large sections of DNA between genes that don’t code for proteins

20
Q

what are silent mutations

A

mutation changes order of DNA bases

but doesn’t change order of amino acid in protein

21
Q

why are silent mutatuons called that

A

mutatuon has no effect on phenotype

BMAT bio (14 decks)

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