B5: DNA Flashcards
define genome
all genetic material found in each cell of an organism
DNA molecule is a large…
polymer
define polymer
made of chain of similar, smaller subunits called monomers
joined by chemical bonds
what does a nucleotide contain
deoxyribose sugar
a phosphate
nitrogenous base
4 diff bases are
adenine
guanine
thymine
cytosine
complementary bases are
the two bases that always pair together
bases of dna is important as it…
determines shape of protein made
dna is stored as
long thread like structures,
called chromosomes
chromsomes are only visible whem
cells are dividing
genes code for
proteins
all amino acids contain
carbon
hydrogen
oxgen
nitrogen
protein syntheisis is
process of assembling proteins from indivudal amino avids
cell reads genetic code as
triplets ( each made of 3 bases)
define gene mutation
change in organisms DNA
gene mutations cause
changes in base order of DNA
change in base order may…
change triplet in gene
triplet may code for diff amino acid
may cause change in structure of protein produced
effect of mutation on enzyme
triplet could code for diff amino acid
causing shape of active site to change
so active site no longer complementary to substrate
so enzyme usless
mutations can effect
phenotypes
why do most mutations have no effect on phenotype
large sections of DNA between genes that don’t code for proteins
what are silent mutations
mutation changes order of DNA bases
but doesn’t change order of amino acid in protein
why are silent mutatuons called that
mutatuon has no effect on phenotype
