Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMAT bio > B1: Cells > Flashcards

B1: Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell membrane euk

structure + description

A

A partially permeable layer that forms a boundary around the cytoplasm of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cell membrane euk

function

A

Contains the cell contents and controls the movement of some substances into and out of the cell.
It allows H20, 02 and nutrients to enter and allows waste products (e.g. carbon dioxide) to leave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chromosomal DNA euk

structure + description

A

One or more
linear pieces of
double-stranded DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chromosomal DNA euk

function

A

Stores the genetic material

required for the various cell processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cytoplasm euk

structure+ description

A

A jelly-like region, surrounded by the cell membrane.
Salt ions and sugar molecules are dissolved in it.
Fat molecules and proteins, e.g. enzymes, are suspended in it.
Also contains food reserves (e.g. glycogen in some animal cells, starch in some plant cells) and organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria.
Chloroplasts are present in the cytoplasm of photosynthetic plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cytoplasm euk

function

A

Is the site of chemical reactions
contains enzymes that control these reactions.
`It holds the cell organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nucleus

structure+ description

A

Usually round or oval,
contained by two nuclear membranes and containing DNA in the form of chromosomes.
It is found inside the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nucleus

function

A

Regulation of cell functions through directing the production of RNA and protein required for all cell processes,
including cell division, cell differentiation (specialisation) and cell metabolism (chemical reactions).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mitochondrion

structure + description

A

A small organelle
(can be viewed using an electron microscope)
with an inner and outer membrane.
The inner membrane has many inward-pointing folds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mitochondrion

function

A

Controls the production and release of ATP
(usable energy)
from aerobic respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cell wall euk

structure +description

A

A tough, rigid layer
surrounding the cell membrane
made primarily of cellulose.
It is freely permeable to water and salts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cell wall euk

function

A

Provides a rigid external coat to plant cells,

providing mechanical strength which allows cells to resist bursting when the cell is turgid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chloroplast

structure+ description

A

A small organelle
with its own double membrane,
found in the cytoplasm of photosynthetic plants,
containing chlorophyll and other pigments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chloroplast

function

A

Traps (absorbs) light energy
converts it to chemical energy
by the process of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

vacuole

structure + function

A

A fluid-filled space surrounded by a membrane in plant cells.
It is found inside the cytoplasm.
The fluid is called sap- watery solution of sugars and salts, can be coloured.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vacuole

function

A

Stores water-soluble chemicals and ions

helps to keep plant cells and tissues firm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cell membrane prok

structure+ description

A

A partially permeable layer
that forms a boundary between the cytoplasm and the cell wall.
Functions as a boundary to restrict materials moving between the inside and outside of a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cell membrane prok

function

A

Contains the cell contents and controls the movement of some molecules into and out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cytoplasm prok

structure + description

A

Is the site of chemical reactions
contains enzymes that control these reactions.
It holds the cell’s DNA.

20
Q

cell wall prok

structure + description

A

A tough, rigid external coat that surrounds the cell membrane.
It is made of a complex mixture of proteins, lipids (fats) and sugars.
This makes it different from plant cell walls, which are made of cellulose.
Some bacterial cells have a slime capsule surrounding the cell wall.

21
Q

cell wall prok

function

A

Provides structural support and protection to bacteria. freely permeable to small molecules, so does not control the intake or loss of materials.

22
Q

chromosomal DNA bacteria

structure + descriptio

A

A large closed circular coiled molecule of double-stranded strand DNA
located within the bacterial cytoplasm (no nucleus or enclosing membrane).

23
Q

chromsomal DNA bacteria

function

A

Carries genetic information that regulates most bacterial cell processes.

24
Q

Plasmid DNA

structure + descriptipn

A

A small molecule of closed double-stranded circular DNA,

usually present in multiple copies per cell.

25
Q

Plasmid DNA

function

A

Carries genetic information for specialist cell functions (like antibiotic resistance).
It can replicate and operate independently from the chromosomal DNA.
Can be readily moved between different bacterial cells, including for genetic engineering (biotechnology) purposes.

26
Q

define differentiation

A

euk cell specialisation

when finished growing + dividing

27
Q

how can specialised cells carry out their function

A

distinct shapes

undertake specific chemical reactions + processes in cytoplasm

28
Q

where are ciliated cells + function

A

in the lining of trachea
moving mucus to
protect lungs from infection + irritants

29
Q

type of shape of RBC + their adaptability

A

bioconcave shape

larger sf area for absorbing gases

30
Q

RBC pigment + role

A

haemoglobin

binds o2 to co2

31
Q

what changes in RBC during differentiation

A

nucleus + chromosomal DNA eliminated

32
Q

function of RBC

A

transport of gases around body

33
Q

sperm cell nucleus function

A

contains genetic info of father

34
Q

sperm cell mitochondria function

A

energy for movement

35
Q

sperm cell tail function

A

swimming/ cell movement

36
Q

sperm cell function

A

fertilisation of egg cell

for reproduction

37
Q

why are nerve cells elongated

A

to conduct nerve impulses

from one part of body to another

38
Q

nerve cells chemical reactions function

A

causes impulses to travel along fibre

39
Q

nerve cell function

A

conducting nerve impulses

40
Q

root hair cells elongation/hair like structure function

A

large sf area

for absorption of water + mineral ions

41
Q

root hair cells function

A

absorption of water + mineral ions

from soil

42
Q

palisade mesophyll cells are….

A

columnar (elongated )

43
Q

palisade mesophyll- cytoplasm packed with chloropalsts…

A

to absorb sunlight

44
Q

palisade mesophyll function

A

make food for plant through

photosynthesis

45
Q

tissue is made of…

A

one or few diff types of cell

working together to perform a shared function

46
Q

an organ is made of

A

group of tissues

working together to perfom specific function

47
Q

an organ system is made of…

A

group of organs with similar functions

working together to form a body function

BMAT bio (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions