B5 - Comminicable Diseases Flashcards
D. Health?
The state of physical and mental well-being.
D. Communicable diseases?
Caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses that can be passed from one person to another.
D. Non communicable diseases?
Cannot be transmitted from one person to another.
Factors that effect health?
Diet, stress and life situations.
What are communicable diseases caused by?
Pathogens
Examples of pathogens?
Viruses, fungi and Protists
How are pathogens spread?
Direct contact, air and water
Difference between viruses and bacteria?
Viruses are smaller and have regular shapes.
How do bacteria make you feel Ill?
They produce toxins
What temperature should cultures be incubated in schools? Why?
25 degrees, to reduce the likelihood of pathogens growing that might be harmful to humans.
D. Disinfectant?
Chemicals used to kill bacteria in the environment.
D. Antiseptic?
Disinfectant that is safe to use of human skin.
D. Antibiotics?
Chemicals that can be used inside the body to kill bacteria/prevent bacterial growth
How do you present the spread of communicable diseases?
Hand washing, disinfectants, isolating infected individuals, destroying/controlling vectors and vaccines.
Effects of HIV?
- At first only flu-like symptoms
- HIV attacks the immune system and remains in the body, until the immune system is so badly damaged it can’t cope with infections - AIDS
Cause of measles?
Inhalation of droplets from coughs/sneezes
Symptoms of measles?
Fever and red skin rash
Effects of measles?
Blindness and brain damage and death.
How to tobacco mosaic virus spread?
Contact and vectors
Effects of TMV?
Damages leaves and reduces photosynthesis.
How do antibiotics cure bacterial infections?
Kill bacteria/stop growth
How is rose black spot spread?
Wind and water
Effects of rose black spot?
Damaging leaves so they drop off = photosynthesis reduced.
Defences in the body against entry of pathogens?
- Skin (barrier and antimicrobial)
- Nasal hairs and mucus
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Stomach
How do white blood cells defend you against pathogens?
Ingesting and making antibodies and antitoxins.
How do antitoxins work?
They counteract the toxins.
How to reduce spread of rose black spot? (2)
- use fungicide
- remove/burn infected leaves
how was the spread of salmonella reduce? (3)
- poultry stored/cooked properly
- vaccinate poultry against salmonella
- raw and cooked foods stored separately
How does the falling of hail make rose black spot spread?
Break open the leaves making it easier for spores/fungus to enter
Plant défenses?
- Cellulose cell wall
- Tough waxy cuticle
- Layers of dead cells around stem
