B11 - Hormonal Coordination

Question 1

D. Endocrine system?

Answer 1

the glands that produce the hormones that control many aspects of the development and metabolism of the body, and the hormones they produce

Question 2

D. Hormones?

Answer 2

chemicals produced in one area of the body of an organism that have an effect on the function of another area of the body. In animals hormones are produced in glands

Question 3

How do hormones reach target organs?

Answer 3

carried by the blood - target organs have receptors on cell membranes that pick up hormone and trigger a response in the cell

Question 4

Examples of fast-acting hormones?

Answer 4

insulin and adrenaline

Question 5

Examples of slow-acting hormones?

Answer 5

growth hormones, sex hormones

Question 6

Insulin?

Answer 6

hormone involved in controlling blood sugar levels

Question 7

3 Hormones produced by pituitary gland?

Answer 7

ADH, FSH, TSH (stimulates thyroid to make thyroxine which controls rate of metabolism)

Question 8

Function of FSH?

Answer 8

stimulates ovaries to make oestrogen

Question 9

Main endocrine glands in the body? (6)

Answer 9

pituitary
thyroid
ovaries
testes
adrenal
pancreas

Question 10

Compared to the nervous system, the effects of hormones are….

Answer 10

slower but longer lasting

Question 11

Glucose is converted to…

Answer 11

insoluble carbohydrate glycogen

Question 12

Glycogen can be converted…

Answer 12

back to glucose if needed

Question 13

What hormone is secreted when blood sugar levels fall below ideal range?

Answer 13

glucagon

Question 14

Affect of glucagon on the body?

Answer 14

makes liver break down glycogen and converts it back to glucose

Question 15

Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 15

pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin

Question 16

Type 1 diabetes explained?

Answer 16

not enough insulin = no glucose being taken into cells = no energy/fatigue = fat and protein broken down to use as glucose = loose weight

Question 17

Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 17

body stops responding to insulin, may also not be making enough insulin

Question 18

Glucagon interacts with insulin in a ………. system

Answer 18

negative feedback

Question 19

Treatment of type 1 diabetes? (3)

Answer 19

• insulin injections
• pancreas transplants (not common)
• scientists think that using embryonic stem cells would be the best solution - ethical problems

Question 20

Treatment of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 20

• carb-controlled diet
• loosing weight
• exercise
• drugs may be needed if this doesn’t work

Question 21

Negative feedback systems work to…

Answer 21

maintain a steady state

Question 22

Thyroxine from thyroid stimulates…

Answer 22

basal metabolic rate - important in growth and development

Question 23

Affects of adrenaline on the body? (6)

Answer 23

• increases heart rate
• boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles
• mental awareness increases
• blood diverted away from digestive system to big muscles in limbs
• stored glycogen in liver converted to glucose for respiration
• pupils dilate to let more light in

Question 24

Adrenaline is not controlled by….

Answer 24

negative feedback

Question 25

Main female hormone?

Answer 25

oestrogen

Question 26

ovulation?

Answer 26

egg is released every 28 days

Question 27

Main male reproductive hormone?

Answer 27

testosterone

Question 28

Function of FSH?

Answer 28

• causes eggs to mature

- stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 29

Function of LH?

Answer 29

triggers ovulation

Question 30

Function of Oestrogen

Answer 30

• causes uterus lining to develop
• inhibits release of FSH
• stimulates release of LH

Question 31

Function of Progesterone?

Answer 31

• maintains uterus lining

- inhibits release of FSH and LH

Question 32

What day in menstrual cycle does ovulation happen?

Answer 32

14

Question 33

Ways of fertility control?

Answer 33

hormonal and non-hormonal

Question 34

Contraceptive methods? (6)

Answer 34

• oral contraceptives
• hormonal injections
• implants and patches
• barrier methods
• surgical sterilisation
• intrauterine devices

Question 35

D. Contraception?

Answer 35

prevention of pregnancy

Question 36

What hormones can be used as fertility drugs to stimulate ovulation in women with low FSH levels?

Answer 36

FSH and LH

Question 37

Stages of IVF?

Answer 37

• FSH and LH are used to stimulate the maturation of the ova
• ova collected
• fertilised
• allowed to start developing
• implanted into uterus

Question 38

Disadvantages of IVF?

Answer 38

• expensive
• stressful - emotionally, physically
• often unsuccessful;
• risky

Question 39

Where is FSH released from?

Answer 39

pituitary

Question 40

Where is oestrogen released from?

Answer 40

ovaries

Question 41

Where is LH released from?

Answer 41

pituitary

Question 42

Where is progesterone released from?

Answer 42

the empty follicle after ovulation

Question 43

Order of hormone release in menstrual cycle?

Answer 43

FSH, oestrogen, LH, progesterone