B13 - Reproduction

Question 1

D. Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Involves one parent which produces a genetically identical clone by mitosis as there is no fusion of gametes.

Question 2

D. Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Involves the fusion of male and female gametes formed by meiosis

Question 3

How many chromosomes does the zygote have?

Answer 3

46

Question 4

Variation caused by?

Answer 4

In sexual reproduction there is a mixing of genetic information which leads to variation

Question 5

D. Mitosis

Answer 5

Making identical two

Question 6

D. Meiosis

Answer 6

Making eggs and sperm

Question 7

Meiosis results in?

Answer 7

Sex cells called gametes which have half the original no. of chromosomes

Question 8

Where are:
Female gametes made?
Male gametes made?

Answer 8

f- ovaries

m- testes

Question 9

D. Haploid?

Answer 9

Half the usual number of chromosomes

Question 10

D. Genome?

Answer 10

Entire genetic material of an organism

Question 11

DNA is a …….

Answer 11

polymer

Question 12

D. Gene?

Answer 12

Small section of DNA on a chromosome

Question 13

D. Homozygote?

Answer 13

an individual with 2 identical alleles for a characteristic

Question 14

D. Hetrozygote?

Answer 14

an individual with 2 different alleles for a characteristic

Question 15

D. Genotype?

Answer 15

Alleles present or the genetic makeup of an individual, regarding a particular characteristic (eg. Bb or bb)

Question 16

D. Phenotype?

Answer 16

describes the physical appearance of an individual regarding a particular characteristic (eg. black fur)

Question 17

D. Dominant allele?

Answer 17

expressed in the phenotype, even if only one copy is present

Question 18

Female sex chromosomes?

Answer 18

the same - XX

Question 19

Male sex chromosomes?

Answer 19

Different - XY

Question 20

Polydactyly?

Answer 20

Babies born with extra fingers or toes

Question 21

What type of allele is polydactyly caused by?

Answer 21

dominant

Question 22

What type of allele is cystic fibrosis caused by?

Answer 22

recessive

Question 23

How does cystic fibrosis affect body?

Answer 23

• affects cell membranes - prevents movement of substances
• mucus becomes thick, so organs like lungs become clogged up
• pancreas cannot secrete enzymes properly because tubes blocked, so stunted growth

Question 24

When is amniocentesis carried out?

Answer 24

15-16 weeks of pregnancy

Question 25

Ways to test embryos for genetic diseases?

Answer 25

• amniocentesis

- chorionic villus sampling

Question 26

How does chorionic villus sampling work?

Answer 26

small sample of placenta is taken at around 10-12 weeks to provide fetal cells to screen

Question 27

How does amniocentesis work?

Answer 27

takes a sample of fluid from around fetus which contains fetal cells that can be screened