B5 Flashcards
Apart from illness, what factors may affect both mental and physical health?
Diet, stress and life situations
What are communicable diseases caused by?
Pathogens
Name 4 examples of pathogens?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists
How does bacteria make you feel ill?
By producing toxins
How is cell damage caused by viruses?
By viruses living and reproducing inside your cells
How can pathogens be spread?
Direct contact, by air or by water
How does bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
How often can bacteria multiply by if they have enough nutrients and a suitable temperature
Every 20 minuites
What did Semmelweis do?
Introduce hand washing
What did semelweis’s work help prevent?
Child bed fever
Name 6 ways we can improve prevent the spread of communicable diseases
Isolation
Hand washing
Limiting cross contamination
Disinfectants
Destroying vectors(carriers)
Vaccinations
How is measles spread?
Droplets
What does measles cause?
Fever and a rash
How can we prevent the spread of measles?
Isolation and vaccination
How is HIV spread?
Sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids
How is tobacco massif virus spread?
Contact and vectors
How is tobacco mosaic virus prevented?
Field hygiene and pest control
How is salmonella spread?
Undercooked food and poor hygiene
What are symptoms of salmonella?
Fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and comit ting
What are symptoms of gonorrhoea?
Discharge from the penis and vagina and pain on urination
How is gonorrhoea treated?
Antibiotics
How can we prevent the spread of gonorrhoea?
Using condoms and limiting sexual partners
What type of disease is rose black spot?
A fungal disease
How is rose black spot spread?
By wind and water
How does rose black spot affect a plant?
Damages leaves so they drop off, this affects growth as photosynthesis is reduced
How is spread of rose black spot reduced?
Removing leaves and chemical sprays
How is malaria caused?
Parasitic protists
How is malaria spread?
The bit of female mosquitos
What does malaria damage?
Blood and liver cells
What does Malaysia cause?
Fevers and shaking
How is spread of malaria reduced?
Preventing vectors from breeding and by using mosquito nets
What is the body’s first line of defence against pathogens?
The skin
How else does the body defend against pathogens apart from the skin?
The nose, trachea, bronchi and the stomach
How does your white blood cells help to defend against pathogens?
By ingesting them and making antibodies and antitoxins
How are plants infected?
Viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as insect pests
How are plants damaged?
Ion deficiency conditions
What are a plants physical defences against invasion by microorganisms?
Cellulose cell walls, tough waxy cuticles and layers of bark or dead cells
What are a plants chemical defences?
Antibacterial chemicals and poisons to deter herbivores
How do plants defend against herbivores?
Thorns, hairs, leaves that droop or curl when touched and mimicry
