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GCSE Biology > B5 > Flashcards

B5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Apart from illness, what factors may affect both mental and physical health?

A

Diet, stress and life situations

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2
Q

What are communicable diseases caused by?

A

Pathogens

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3
Q

Name 4 examples of pathogens?

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists

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4
Q

How does bacteria make you feel ill?

A

By producing toxins

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5
Q

How is cell damage caused by viruses?

A

By viruses living and reproducing inside your cells

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6
Q

How can pathogens be spread?

A

Direct contact, by air or by water

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7
Q

How does bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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8
Q

How often can bacteria multiply by if they have enough nutrients and a suitable temperature

A

Every 20 minuites

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9
Q

What did Semmelweis do?

A

Introduce hand washing

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10
Q

What did semelweis’s work help prevent?

A

Child bed fever

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11
Q

Name 6 ways we can improve prevent the spread of communicable diseases

A

Isolation
Hand washing
Limiting cross contamination
Disinfectants
Destroying vectors(carriers)
Vaccinations

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12
Q

How is measles spread?

A

Droplets

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13
Q

What does measles cause?

A

Fever and a rash

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14
Q

How can we prevent the spread of measles?

A

Isolation and vaccination

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15
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

Sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids

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16
Q

How is tobacco massif virus spread?

A

Contact and vectors

17
Q

How is tobacco mosaic virus prevented?

A

Field hygiene and pest control

18
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

Undercooked food and poor hygiene

19
Q

What are symptoms of salmonella?

A

Fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and comit ting

20
Q

What are symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

Discharge from the penis and vagina and pain on urination

21
Q

How is gonorrhoea treated?

A

Antibiotics

22
Q

How can we prevent the spread of gonorrhoea?

A

Using condoms and limiting sexual partners

23
Q

What type of disease is rose black spot?

A

A fungal disease

24
Q

How is rose black spot spread?

A

By wind and water

25
Q

How does rose black spot affect a plant?

A

Damages leaves so they drop off, this affects growth as photosynthesis is reduced

26
Q

How is spread of rose black spot reduced?

A

Removing leaves and chemical sprays

27
Q

How is malaria caused?

A

Parasitic protists

28
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

The bit of female mosquitos

29
Q

What does malaria damage?

A

Blood and liver cells

30
Q

What does Malaysia cause?

A

Fevers and shaking

31
Q

How is spread of malaria reduced?

A

Preventing vectors from breeding and by using mosquito nets

32
Q

What is the body’s first line of defence against pathogens?

A

The skin

33
Q

How else does the body defend against pathogens apart from the skin?

A

The nose, trachea, bronchi and the stomach

34
Q

How does your white blood cells help to defend against pathogens?

A

By ingesting them and making antibodies and antitoxins

35
Q

How are plants infected?

A

Viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as insect pests

36
Q

How are plants damaged?

A

Ion deficiency conditions

37
Q

What are a plants physical defences against invasion by microorganisms?

A

Cellulose cell walls, tough waxy cuticles and layers of bark or dead cells

38
Q

What are a plants chemical defences?

A

Antibacterial chemicals and poisons to deter herbivores

39
Q

How do plants defend against herbivores?

A

Thorns, hairs, leaves that droop or curl when touched and mimicry

GCSE Biology (7 decks)

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