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GCSE Biology > B4 > Flashcards

B4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the human circulatory system do?

A

Transport substances to and from the body cells

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2
Q

What makes up the human circulatory system?

A

Blood,blood vessels and the heart

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3
Q

What does plasma do?

A

Transport proteins and other chemicals around the body

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4
Q

What is suspended in plasma?

A

Blood cells

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5
Q

What do red blood cells contain that binds oxygen to transport it from the lungs to the tissues?

A

Haemoglobin

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6
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Protect the body against infection

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7
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cell fragments that start the clotting process at wound sites

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8
Q

What does plasma carry?

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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9
Q

How does blood flow around the body?

A

Through blood vessels

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10
Q

What are the 3 main types of blood vessel?

A

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

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11
Q

Where do substances diffuse in and out of the blood in?

A

Capillaries

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12
Q

What do valves prevent and ensure?

A

They prevent back flow ensuring that blood flows in the right direction

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13
Q

What are the 2 parts of a double circulatory system?

A

1 part carry’s blood from your heart to your lungs and back again
The other part carry’s blood from your heart to all other organs of your body and back again

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14
Q

Do arteries carry blood to or from the heart?

A

Away from the heart

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15
Q

Do veins carry blood to or from the heart?

A

To the heart

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16
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

4

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17
Q

What is the heart?

A

An organ that pumps blood around the body

18
Q

What do the valves in the heart do?

A

Keep blood flowing in the right direction

19
Q

What can stents be used for?

A

Keep narrowed or blocked arteries open

20
Q

What do statins do?

A

Reduce cholesterol levels in the blood, reducing the risk of coronary heart disease

21
Q

What is the function of the ventricle in the heart?

A

To pump blood out of the heart

22
Q

What can replace damaged heart valves?

A

Biological or mechanical valves

23
Q

What is the resting heart rate controlled by?

A

A pacemaker

24
Q

Where is the pacemaker for the heart found?

A

The right atrium

25
Q

What seperates the lungs and the abdomen?

A

The diaphragm

26
Q

What do the alveoli provide?

A

A large surface area and a rich supply of blood capillaries

27
Q

What does alveoli allow to happen more efficiently?

A

Gases can diffuse into and out of the blood

28
Q

What are plant tissues?

A

Collections of cells specialised to carry out specific functions

29
Q

What do epidermal tissues do?

A

Cover the surfaces and protect them

30
Q

What does palisade mesophyll tissue do?

A

Contains lots of chloroplast which carry out photosynthesis

31
Q

What does spongy mesophyll do?

A

Has big air spaces and a large surface area to make diffusion of gases easier

32
Q

What does xylem do?

A

Carry water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots up to the leaves

33
Q

What does the phloem do?

A

Carry dissolved food from the leaves around the plant

34
Q

What does phloem transport?

A

The sugars made by photosynthesis

35
Q

What is translocation?

A

The movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant

36
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The loss of water vapour from the surface of plant leaves

37
Q

What affects the rate of transpiration?

A

Anything that effects the rate of evaporation

38
Q

Why does evaporation affect transpiration?

A

Because when water is evaporated of the surface of leaves transpiration occurs to refill that water on the surface

39
Q

What do the stomata and guard cells control?

A

Gas exchange and water loss

40
Q

What factors increase the rate of transpiration?

A

Temperature, humidity, air flow and light intensity

41
Q

When is transpiration faster?

A

In hot, dry, windy or bright conditions

GCSE Biology (7 decks)

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