B4 - Transport Flashcards
What does blood plasma do?
It is a yellow liquid. Will take your blood cells around your body (and some other substances)
It will take carbon dioxide produced by cells taken to lungs
What are red blood cells?
They rake oxygen from lungs to cells in our body. Contain haemoglobin have a biconcave disc shape
(Larger surface area)
No nucleus
What are white blood cells and what do they do?
Bigger than red blood cells
Some form antibodies to take away unwanted microorganisms
Others engulf the microorganisms
What are platlets and what do they do?
They make the blood clot at the site of a wound
Produce protein fibres to capture red blood cells and stops you bleeding to death
Lack of platelets can cause more bleeding and bruising
Name the parts of heart and label
Aorta
Pulinimary artery
Vena Cava Puliminary vein
Right Atrium Left atrium
Right ventricle Left ventricle
What is a double circulatiry system
It is where the blood passes through the heart twice to do one complete circuit of the body
What are the components of an artery
Thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres
Small lumen
Thick walls
What are the components of a vein
Often has valves
Large lumen
Relatively thin walls
What are the components of a capillary
Tiny vessel with narrow lumen
Walls a single cell thick
What happens to coronary arteries in coronary heart disease? And what effects to the blood flow?
Blocked with fatty acids
Because it is partially blocked so blood has to go through smaller area
What is a stent and what does it do
It is a wire that goes in your coronary arteries and will keep it open to allow good blood flow
What do statins do
They make the blood thinner so it can flow through the smaller gap
What are the pros and coms of having a mechanical heart valve
Pros - last 20-30 years , light,strong,durable
Cons- Blood clots may form and can lead to death , needs replacing
What is a natural pacemaker
A group of cells in your right atrium and controls your heart beat
What is an artificial pacemaker? How does it work? What does it do?
An electronic device located in your chest that fixes irregular beats your heart makes. Some can even speed up or slow down when needed
What is an artificial heart? In what situations will an artificial heart be used?
Because a donor heart can take years to get and a full artificial
heart doses’t exist yet a artifice heart helps your Current heart into working properly until your heart ca be replaced. It will help take strain Of diseased heart.
Label parts of respiratory system
Larynx lung Trachea Bronchus Intercostal Muscle Bronciole Ribs alveoli Plural Membrane Diaphane
What are the adaptations of an alveolus?
Large surface area allows for more effective diffusion of O2 and CO2
Lots of capillaries allow for a steep concentration gradient
Thin layer of cell between air from lung and blood in capillaries meaning short diffusion distance
Cluster of alveoli provides a large surface area
What is transpiration?
The loss of water vapour from a plant
What are the different factors that affect transpiration, and how do they affect it?
Light intensity - Higher means more transpiration because stomata is wider open to allow more co2 in
Humidity - Higher means less transpiration because diffusion out of leaf is harder because air is full of moisture
Wind speed - Higher means more transpiration because it moves the moist air away
Temperature - Higher means more transpiration
