B1 - Cell Structure And Transport Flashcards
What is water potential?
The ability of water to move freely (Solutes prevent water from moving freely)
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane
What is diffusion
The move ent of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a concentration gradient. This continues till an equilibrium is reached
What are the different things that affect the rate of diffusion
Concentration gradient - Higher when one are a is much more concentrated than another.
Temperature - More Kinetic energy
Surface area - More area for exchange
Name the parts of an animal cell
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Name the parts of an animal cell
Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplast Nucleus Cell membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria
What does the cell wall do?
Holds the strxutre of the cell
What does chlorophyll do?
Absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis
What does a permanent vacuole do?
Fills cell sap and keeps cell rigid
What are ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis takes place
What is mitochondria
In cytoplasm where aerobic respiration tales place
What is cell membrane
Controls what comes in and out of cell (e.g. glucose)
What is cytoplasm?
Where the needed chemical reactions take place
What is nucleus
Controls activity of cell and contains genes that carry the instructions for making proteins
What are eukaryotic cells
Animal and plant cells. They have nucleus
What are prokaryotes
Bacteria. Gene material is all spread out
What are the specialisations in a nerve cell
Lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells
Has axon which are long to carry impulses from one place to another
Contain lot of mitochondria to provide energy to make the transmitter chemicals
What are the specialisations of muscle cells?
Have many mitochondria to transfer the energy needed
Can store glycogen that can be used in cellular respiration
What are the specialisations of sperm cells
Long tail to help move
Middle section full of mitochondria to help move
Large nucleus for genetic info to be passed on
How is the root hair cell specialised
Big surface area for more osmosis to occur
Large vacuole speeds up osmosis from soil
Many mitochondria for active transport of mineral ions
How are photosynthetic cells specialised?
Contain chloroplasts
Positioned in layers so they can absorb as much as possible
Large vacuole to keep leaf spread out to get more light
