B4 - Respiration Flashcards
Respiration occurs in…
Every living cell.
What are the uses of the energy?
Movement - makes muscles contract.
Active transport - energy is needed to transport molecules in and out of cells.
Synthesis of large molecules - glucose is used to make starch and cellulose in plant cells. Glucose and nitrates make animo acids in all cells and these join to make proteins.
These are all chemical reactions in cells.
What are the features of aerobic respiration?
This is with oxygen.
This releases more energy per glucose molecule.
This is what we use most of the time.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy)
Where does anaerobic respiration happen?
Human cells - in exercise when oxygen can’t be supplied to muscle cells.
Plant cells - in waterlogged soul where there is not enough oxygen for the roots. The root cells respire anaerobically.
Bacteria - this gets under skin due to puncture wounds from nails which means only certain bacteria that respire anaerobically can survive.
Describe the products of anaerobic respiration in plant cells + yeast, and in animal cells and bacteria.
Glucose -> lactic acid (+ energy)
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
What is fermentation?
Microorganisms break down sugars as they turn these into useful products through respiring anaerobically.
How are biogas, bread, and alcohol made?
Biogas - used for heating and lights. Lots of microorganisms break down carbohydrates in plant and animal waste to produce biogas made from methane and carbon dioxide.
Bread - yeast ferment carbohydrates in bread to produce carbon dioxide bubbles which makes the bread rise.
Alcohol - yeast ferment sugar from grapes and barley to form alcohol (ethanol).
What is respiration?
A series of chemical reactions that release energy by breaking down food molecules.
