B4: Respiration Flashcards
What is anaerobic respiration?
When energy is released from glucose without oxygen
When does anaerobic respiration often happen in humans?
During intense exercise when we cannot take in enough oxygen
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?
Glucose –> Lactic Acid + Energy
The special type of anaerobic respiration carried out by yeast is called…
…..fermentation
What is the equation for fermentation?
Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ Energy)
What is yeast used for?
Making Beer
Making Wine
Making Bread
What is aerobic respiration?
When an organism releases energy from glucose by reacting it with oxygen.
List some reasons why humans need energy?
To keep warm
To move
To grow
To keep the body functioning
Where does the glucose that humans use in respiration come from?
Food (carbohydrates)
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
How do our bodies get the oxygen needed for aerobic respiration?
We breathe in oxygen from the air
How are the waste products of aerobic respiration removed from the body?
Carbon dioxide (+ Water) are breathed out
Where does aerobic respiration happen?
Within the mitochondria of cells
Muscle cells carry out lots of aerobic respiration. Therefore they contain many…
mitochondria
How does glucose get into cells.
- Carbohydrate is eaten
- Carbohydrate is broken down into glucose in the small intestine.
- Glucose is absorbed into the blood plasma.4. Glucose exits the blood and enters the body’s cells.
How does oxygen get into cells?
- Oxygen is breathed into lungs and diffuses into the blood in the alveoli
- Oxygen is carried by red blood cells and diffuses into the cells in blood capillaries
What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?
Oxygen sticks to the haemoglobin which allows the red blood cell to carry oxygen around.
Use the diagram to complete the sentences below about how oxygen gets into the body (breathing in/ inhalation).
- When you breathe in, the intercostal muscles …………..
- The diaphragm moves ……………………………………
- This increases the ……………………. which decreases the ……………………………
- This causes air to ………………………………………..
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- When you breathe in, the intercostal muscles pull the ribs up
- The diaphragm moves down
- This increases the volume of the chest which decreases the pressure
- This causes air to rush into the lungs
Smoking can cause a lung disease called emphysema. Describe how this disease makes it difficult to breathe.
The disease destroys alveoli which greatly reduces the surface area of the lungs. This reduces gas exchange meaning less oxgen will be entering the blood.
Complete the following sentences to describe how asthma can affect breathing.
- People with asthma have airways that are …………………
- If asthmatic breathe these things in, the muscles around their bronchioles …………………
- This ……………….. the airways
- The lining of the airways becomes …………………
- This narrows the airways further and makes it ……………
- People with asthma have airways that are too sensitive to certain things e.g. pollen
- If asthmatic breathe these things in, the muscles around their bronchioles contract
- This narrows the airways
- The lining of the airways becomes inflamed and fluid builds up
- This narrows the airways further and makes it difficult to breathe