B4: Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

When energy is released from glucose without oxygen

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2
Q

When does anaerobic respiration often happen in humans?

A

During intense exercise when we cannot take in enough oxygen

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3
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Glucose –> Lactic Acid + Energy

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4
Q

The special type of anaerobic respiration carried out by yeast is called…

A

…..fermentation

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5
Q

What is the equation for fermentation?

A

Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ Energy)

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6
Q

What is yeast used for?

A

Making Beer

Making Wine

Making Bread

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7
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

When an organism releases energy from glucose by reacting it with oxygen.

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8
Q

List some reasons why humans need energy?

A

To keep warm

To move

To grow

To keep the body functioning

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9
Q

Where does the glucose that humans use in respiration come from?

A

Food (carbohydrates)

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10
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

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11
Q

How do our bodies get the oxygen needed for aerobic respiration?

A

We breathe in oxygen from the air

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12
Q

How are the waste products of aerobic respiration removed from the body?

A

Carbon dioxide (+ Water) are breathed out

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13
Q

Where does aerobic respiration happen?

A

Within the mitochondria of cells

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14
Q

Muscle cells carry out lots of aerobic respiration. Therefore they contain many…

A

mitochondria

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15
Q

How does glucose get into cells.

A
  1. Carbohydrate is eaten
  2. Carbohydrate is broken down into glucose in the small intestine.
  3. Glucose is absorbed into the blood plasma.4. Glucose exits the blood and enters the body’s cells.
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16
Q

How does oxygen get into cells?

A
  1. Oxygen is breathed into lungs and diffuses into the blood in the alveoli
  2. Oxygen is carried by red blood cells and diffuses into the cells in blood capillaries
17
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?

A

Oxygen sticks to the haemoglobin which allows the red blood cell to carry oxygen around.

18
Q

Use the diagram to complete the sentences below about how oxygen gets into the body (breathing in/ inhalation).

  • When you breathe in, the intercostal muscles …………..
  • The diaphragm moves ……………………………………
  • This increases the ……………………. which decreases the ……………………………
  • This causes air to ………………………………………..
A
  • When you breathe in, the intercostal muscles pull the ribs up
  • The diaphragm moves down
  • This increases the volume of the chest which decreases the pressure
  • This causes air to rush into the lungs
19
Q

Smoking can cause a lung disease called emphysema. Describe how this disease makes it difficult to breathe.

A

The disease destroys alveoli which greatly reduces the surface area of the lungs. This reduces gas exchange meaning less oxgen will be entering the blood.

20
Q

Complete the following sentences to describe how asthma can affect breathing.

  • People with asthma have airways that are …………………
  • If asthmatic breathe these things in, the muscles around their bronchioles …………………
  • This ……………….. the airways
  • The lining of the airways becomes …………………
  • This narrows the airways further and makes it ……………
A
  • People with asthma have airways that are too sensitive to certain things e.g. pollen
  • If asthmatic breathe these things in, the muscles around their bronchioles contract
  • This narrows the airways
  • The lining of the airways becomes inflamed and fluid builds up
  • This narrows the airways further and makes it difficult to breathe