B4 - It's A Green World Flashcards
What is a population?
The number of an animal or plant living in a community/habitat
What is a habitat?
An ecosystem where a plant or animal lives
What is biodiversity?
The amount of different species living in a habitat
Do natural or artificial ecosystems have more biodiversity?
Natural
What can be used to show the distribution of organisms?
Transect lines
What can be used to show the data from a transect line?
Kite diagram
What does the capture and recapture method assume??
There are no deaths of births or movement of an animal throughout a habitat identical sampling methods are used and marking don’t affect survival
Photosynthesis equation
Carbon dioxide add water makes glucose and oxygen
What can glucose be used for
Respiration, make cellulose to make cell walls, make proteins for growth and repair, converted to starch for fats and oils storage
What happens to plants at night and why? (To do with the gaseous exchange)
Plants respire instead of photosynthesis as there’s no sunlight so they can’t photo synthesise
How can the rate of photosynthesis be increased?
More co2, more light or a higher temperature
Why can photosynthesis only be increased to a certain point?
There are other limiting factors
How is the epidermis layer of cells adapted for photosynthesis?
Lacks chloroplasts so is transparent so no barriers for entry of light
How is the upper palisade layer of cells adapted for photosynthesis?
Contains most of the chloroplasts as receive most of light
How is the spongy mesophyll cells adapted for photosynthesis?
They’re loosely spread so diffusion of gases can take place between cells and outside. Large surface area/volume area so large amount of gases can enter and exit the cells.
Why do leaves have many pigments?
To absorb a range of light wavelengths
How are leaves adapted?
Broad, thin, contain lots of pigments, specialised cells.
What are one of leaves specialist cells?
Opening and closing of stomata to regulate flow of co2, O2 and water.
How can the rate of diffusion be increased
Shorter distance for molecules to travel, steeper concentration gradient, greater surface area.
What supports the cell stopping it collapsing?
Turgor pressure
When a plants full of water it’s said to be……
Turgid
When a cell has no water it’s said to be….
Flaccid.
What is transpiration?
Evaporation and diffusion of water from inside cells
How can transpiration be increased?
Increase light intensity, increase temperature, increase in air movement, decrease in humidity.
How is the structure of a leaf cell adapted to prevent water loss?
Guard cells change size of stomata openings
What reduces water loss?
Fewer stomata, smaller stomata, position of stomata and their distribution
What minerals do plants need?
Nitrates, phosphates, potassium compounds, magnesium compounds
What is nitrogen used for?
Cell growth and produce amino acids
What is phosphorus used for
Respiration and growth, make DNA and cell membranes
What is potassium used for
Respiration and photosynthesis, enzyme action in photosynthesis and chemical reactions
What is magnesium used for
Make chlorophyll. Needed for photosynthesis
What does lack of nitrate cause?
Poor growth and yellow leaves
What does lack of phosphate cause?
Poor root growth and discoloured leaves
What does lack of potassium cause?
Poor flower and root growth and discoloured leaves
What does lack of magnesium cause?
Yellow leaves
What process takes up minerals and where from?
Active transport and root hairs
What does active transport enable but what does this mean it needs?
Allows soil containing nutrients to enter in higher concentration but it requires energy.
What is a detritivore?
Something that feeds on dead and decaying matter
How do detritivores increase rate if decay?
Break down detritus meaning larger surface area
How can rate of decay be increased?
Increase temp to 37 degree c for bacteria and 25 for fungi which increase rate of respiration. Increase amount of oxygen, reproduce faster as use aerobic respiration. Increase water means material c
Is digested and absorbed more efficiently.
How can food be preserved?
Canning, cooling, freezing, drying, adding salt or sugar. Adding vinegar
Disadvantage of pesticides
Accumulate in food chains killing predators, harm other non pesty organisms, some take a long time to break down
What does organic farming do?
Doesn’t use artificial fertilisers or pesticides, uses animal manure or composts, crop rotation. It avoids expensive fertilisers and pesticides. Their crops are smaller and more expensive but many people believe their healthier and tastier.
What is biological control?
Using living organisms to control pests
What is a disadvantages of biological control?
The introduces species can eat other useful species, grow rapidly and become pests,
What are advantages or biological control
Avoid disadvantages of artificial insecticides
