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Biology > B4 - It's A Green World > Flashcards

B4 - It's A Green World Flashcards

0
Q

What is a population?

A

The number of an animal or plant living in a community/habitat

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1
Q

What is a habitat?

A

An ecosystem where a plant or animal lives

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2
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The amount of different species living in a habitat

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3
Q

Do natural or artificial ecosystems have more biodiversity?

A

Natural

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4
Q

What can be used to show the distribution of organisms?

A

Transect lines

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5
Q

What can be used to show the data from a transect line?

A

Kite diagram

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6
Q

What does the capture and recapture method assume??

A

There are no deaths of births or movement of an animal throughout a habitat identical sampling methods are used and marking don’t affect survival

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7
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Carbon dioxide add water makes glucose and oxygen

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8
Q

What can glucose be used for

A

Respiration, make cellulose to make cell walls, make proteins for growth and repair, converted to starch for fats and oils storage

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9
Q

What happens to plants at night and why? (To do with the gaseous exchange)

A

Plants respire instead of photosynthesis as there’s no sunlight so they can’t photo synthesise

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10
Q

How can the rate of photosynthesis be increased?

A

More co2, more light or a higher temperature

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11
Q

Why can photosynthesis only be increased to a certain point?

A

There are other limiting factors

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12
Q

How is the epidermis layer of cells adapted for photosynthesis?

A

Lacks chloroplasts so is transparent so no barriers for entry of light

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13
Q

How is the upper palisade layer of cells adapted for photosynthesis?

A

Contains most of the chloroplasts as receive most of light

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14
Q

How is the spongy mesophyll cells adapted for photosynthesis?

A

They’re loosely spread so diffusion of gases can take place between cells and outside. Large surface area/volume area so large amount of gases can enter and exit the cells.

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15
Q

Why do leaves have many pigments?

A

To absorb a range of light wavelengths

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16
Q

How are leaves adapted?

A

Broad, thin, contain lots of pigments, specialised cells.

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17
Q

What are one of leaves specialist cells?

A

Opening and closing of stomata to regulate flow of co2, O2 and water.

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18
Q

How can the rate of diffusion be increased

A

Shorter distance for molecules to travel, steeper concentration gradient, greater surface area.

19
Q

What supports the cell stopping it collapsing?

A

Turgor pressure

20
Q

When a plants full of water it’s said to be……

A

Turgid

21
Q

When a cell has no water it’s said to be….

A

Flaccid.

22
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Evaporation and diffusion of water from inside cells

23
Q

How can transpiration be increased?

A

Increase light intensity, increase temperature, increase in air movement, decrease in humidity.

24
Q

How is the structure of a leaf cell adapted to prevent water loss?

A

Guard cells change size of stomata openings

25
Q

What reduces water loss?

A

Fewer stomata, smaller stomata, position of stomata and their distribution

26
Q

What minerals do plants need?

A

Nitrates, phosphates, potassium compounds, magnesium compounds

27
Q

What is nitrogen used for?

A

Cell growth and produce amino acids

28
Q

What is phosphorus used for

A

Respiration and growth, make DNA and cell membranes

29
Q

What is potassium used for

A

Respiration and photosynthesis, enzyme action in photosynthesis and chemical reactions

30
Q

What is magnesium used for

A

Make chlorophyll. Needed for photosynthesis

31
Q

What does lack of nitrate cause?

A

Poor growth and yellow leaves

32
Q

What does lack of phosphate cause?

A

Poor root growth and discoloured leaves

33
Q

What does lack of potassium cause?

A

Poor flower and root growth and discoloured leaves

34
Q

What does lack of magnesium cause?

A

Yellow leaves

35
Q

What process takes up minerals and where from?

A

Active transport and root hairs

36
Q

What does active transport enable but what does this mean it needs?

A

Allows soil containing nutrients to enter in higher concentration but it requires energy.

37
Q

What is a detritivore?

A

Something that feeds on dead and decaying matter

38
Q

How do detritivores increase rate if decay?

A

Break down detritus meaning larger surface area

39
Q

How can rate of decay be increased?

A

Increase temp to 37 degree c for bacteria and 25 for fungi which increase rate of respiration. Increase amount of oxygen, reproduce faster as use aerobic respiration. Increase water means material c
Is digested and absorbed more efficiently.

40
Q

How can food be preserved?

A

Canning, cooling, freezing, drying, adding salt or sugar. Adding vinegar

41
Q

Disadvantage of pesticides

A

Accumulate in food chains killing predators, harm other non pesty organisms, some take a long time to break down

42
Q

What does organic farming do?

A

Doesn’t use artificial fertilisers or pesticides, uses animal manure or composts, crop rotation. It avoids expensive fertilisers and pesticides. Their crops are smaller and more expensive but many people believe their healthier and tastier.

43
Q

What is biological control?

A

Using living organisms to control pests

44
Q

What is a disadvantages of biological control?

A

The introduces species can eat other useful species, grow rapidly and become pests,

45
Q

What are advantages or biological control

A

Avoid disadvantages of artificial insecticides

Biology (5 decks)

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