B1 - Understanding Organisms Flashcards
Example of a depressant
Alcohol, temazepam
What effect does a depressant have?
Slows down working of the brain
Effect of hallucinogens
Distort what a person sees or hears
Example of hallucinogen
LSD
Effect of painkillers
Stop nerve impulses so no pain is felt
Example of painkillers
Aspirin, parecetamol
Effect of performance enhances
Develop muscles
Example of performance enhancers
Anabolic steroids
Effect of stimulant
Speed up working of the brain
Example of stimulant
Nicotine, ecstasy and caffeine
What does the term addicted mean?
Very hard to give it up
What does tolerance mean
When someone’s been taking a drug for a long time they need a higher dose to get the same effect
What does the term withdrawal symptom mean
When there are effects when trying to give up an addictive substance such as being bad tempered
What effect does tar have on the body
Irritates and causes cancer
What effect does carbon monoxide have on the body
Stops red blood cells getting oxygen and increases risk of heart disease
What effect does nicotine have on the body
It’s addictive so makes you want to keep smoking them
What is the effect of particulates
Collect in lungs blocking them
What is a unit of alcohol
The amount of pure alcohol in a drink. 1 unit is equal to 10ml of pure alcohol
What gets damaged by cigarette smoke and what effect does it have
Cillia get damaged and they can’t waft mucus and dust back up to be swallowed
What does damage Cillia cause goblet cells to do
Produce more mucus
Where are cilia found
Lining the trachea, bronchioles, and bronchi
What is alcohol broken down into?
Acetaldehyde and acetic acid then carbon dioxide and water
Where is alcohol broken down
The liver
What in the liver breaks down Alcohol
Enzymes
What causes scar tissue
Alcohol and it’s toxic breakdowns
What does alcohol cirrhosis cause
Liver damage that can lead to liver failure and death
Define homeostasis
Keeping a constant internal environment by balancing body inputs and outputs
How can heat be lost from the body
Sweating and more blood flow near surface of the skin.
How can heat be gained or retained by the body
Decreased blood flow on surface of the skin, reduced sweating, shivering, exercising, release of energy from food and put on more clothes
Dangers of too high a body temperature
Heat stroke or dehydration
