B4/Bioenergetics Flashcards
what are the reactants in photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
what energy source is needed for photosynthesis?
light
what are the products in photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
what is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide+water—> glucose+oxygen
what type of reaction is photosynthesis?
an endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light
factors that effects the rate of photosynthesis are…
light intensity
temperature
carbon dioxide concentration
chlorophyll
rate is…
the amount over a certain time
how is glucose from photosynthesis used?
respiration
converted into insoluble starch for storage
to produce fat or oil for storage
to produce cellulose, strengthens the cell wall
produce amino acids for protein synthesis
what do plants need to make proteins?
plants use glucose and nitrate ions that are absorbed from the soil
what is cellular respiration?
an exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells
aerobic respiration is…
respiration that takes place using oxygen
anaerobic respiration is…
respiration that takes place without oxygen
what do organisms use energy for?
chemical reactions to build up larger molecules
movement
keeping warm
word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose+oxygen—> carbon dioxide+water
why is less energy produced by anaerobic respiration?
oxidation of glucose is incomplete
word equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose—>lactic acid
equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
glucose—>ethanol+carbon dioxide
what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called ?
fermentation
why is anaerobic respiration in yeast important?
economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks
what happens to heart and breathing rate during exercise?
heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood
when does anaerobic respiration happen in muscles?
insufficient oxygen is supplied
what happens in anaerobic respiration?
incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build-up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt
what happens to muscles during long periods of vigorous activity?
muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
what happens to lactic acid?
blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose
