B4/Bioenergetics

Question 1

what are the reactants in photosynthesis?

Answer 1

carbon dioxide and water

Question 2

what energy source is needed for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

light

Question 3

what are the products in photosynthesis?

Answer 3

glucose and oxygen

Question 4

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 4

carbon dioxide+water—> glucose+oxygen

Question 5

what type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 5

an endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light

Question 6

factors that effects the rate of photosynthesis are…

Answer 6

light intensity
temperature
carbon dioxide concentration
chlorophyll

Question 7

rate is…

Answer 7

the amount over a certain time

Question 8

how is glucose from photosynthesis used?

Answer 8

respiration
converted into insoluble starch for storage
to produce fat or oil for storage
to produce cellulose, strengthens the cell wall
produce amino acids for protein synthesis

Question 9

what do plants need to make proteins?

Answer 9

plants use glucose and nitrate ions that are absorbed from the soil

Question 10

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 10

an exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells

Question 11

aerobic respiration is…

Answer 11

respiration that takes place using oxygen

Question 12

anaerobic respiration is…

Answer 12

respiration that takes place without oxygen

Question 13

what do organisms use energy for?

Answer 13

chemical reactions to build up larger molecules
movement
keeping warm

Question 14

word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 14

glucose+oxygen—> carbon dioxide+water

Question 15

why is less energy produced by anaerobic respiration?

Answer 15

oxidation of glucose is incomplete

Question 16

word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 16

glucose—>lactic acid

Question 17

equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells

Answer 17

glucose—>ethanol+carbon dioxide

Question 18

what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called ?

Answer 18

fermentation

Question 19

why is anaerobic respiration in yeast important?

Answer 19

economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks

Question 20

what happens to heart and breathing rate during exercise?

Answer 20

heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood

Question 21

when does anaerobic respiration happen in muscles?

Answer 21

insufficient oxygen is supplied

Question 22

what happens in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 22

incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build-up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt

Question 23

what happens to muscles during long periods of vigorous activity?

Answer 23

muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently

Question 24

what happens to lactic acid?

Answer 24

blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose

Question 25

what is oxygen debt?

Answer 25

the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells

Question 26

what is metabolism?

Answer 26

sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 27

metabolism includes…

Answer 27

conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
respiration
breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion