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CP Test 1 > B4-082 Chest Wall Heart > Flashcards

B4-082 Chest Wall Heart Flashcards

1
Q

muscles that lie deep to the breast

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
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2
Q

[…] fascia surrounds the pectoralis major

A

pectoral

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3
Q

[…] fascia surrounds the pectoralis minor

A

clavipectoral fascia

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4
Q
  • potential space located between breast and pectoral fascia
  • allows some degree of movement of the breast
A

retromammary space

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5
Q

location of the breast

A
  • lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line
  • 2-6th ribs
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6
Q

artery that supplies medial mammary branches

A

internal thoracic

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7
Q

artery that supplies lateral mammary branches

A

lateral thoracic

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8
Q

artery that supplies lateral mammary and lateral cutaneous branches

A

posterior intercostal

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9
Q

nerves that supply the breast

A

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves

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10
Q

the nerves that supply the breast travel in

A

pectoral fascia

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11
Q

lymphatic supply to nipple, areola and lobules

A

subareolar lymphatic plexus

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12
Q

lymphatic supply to lateral quadrent

A

axillary lymph nodes

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13
Q

lymphatic supply to medial quadrant

A

parasternal lymph nodes

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14
Q

lymphatic supply to inferior quandrant

A

abdominal lymph nodes

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15
Q

flow of lymph through the lateral quadrant

A
  1. pectoral nodes
  2. central nodes
  3. apical nodes
  4. clavicular nodes
  5. subclavian lymphatic trunk
  6. thoracic or right lymphatic trunk
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16
Q
A

lactiferous ducts

note: lobules of mammary glands

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17
Q
A

suspensory ligaments

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18
Q
A

nipple

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19
Q
A

lactiferous sinus

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20
Q

in the autonomic nervous system, the pre synaptic cell body is in the […], while the post-synaptic cells body is in an […]

A

CNS; autnomic ganglion

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21
Q

one presynaptic fiber synapses with multiple post synaptic fibers provides

A

amplification of response

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22
Q

fight or flight

A

sympathetic

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23
Q

preganglionic fibers located from T1-L2/3

A

sympathetic

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24
Q
  • paravertebral ganglia
  • superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia
  • prevertebral ganglia
A

sympathetic

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25
Q

postganglionic cell bodies are in the sympathetic gangle and

A

the axons continue to target organ

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26
Q
  • short preganglionic fibers
  • long postganglionic fibers
A

sympathetic

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27
Q

rest and digest

A

parasympathetic

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28
Q

preganglionic fibers located in nuclei in brainstem or sacral spinal chord

A

parasympathetic

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29
Q

preganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic system travel with which cranial nerves?

A

3, 7, 9, 10

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30
Q

include ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic and submandibular ganglion and ganglion found in the target organ

A

parasympathetic ganglia

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31
Q

long preganglionic fibers
short postganglionic fibers

A

parasympathetic

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32
Q

preganglionic neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

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33
Q

post ganglionic NT in PSNS

A

acetylcholine

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34
Q

postganglionic NT in SNS

A

NE

35
Q

alpha and beta receptors

A

SNS

36
Q

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

A

PSNS

37
Q

sympathetics destined for the heart are located in the

A
  • intermediolateral cell column
  • lateral horn of the spinal chord
38
Q

sympathetic preganglionic fibers leave the spinal chord at

A
  • ventral root
  • mixed spinal nerve
  • ventral ramus
  • white ramus
  • paravertebral ganglion
  • superior, middle or inferior ganglion
39
Q

sympathetic postganglionic fibers travel through the [….] to the heart

A

cardiac plexus

40
Q

parasympathetics destined for the heart are located in the

A

brainstem

41
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel

A

with cranial nerve X

42
Q

the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers will travel through the […] and synapse with the parasympathetic ganglion in the heart

A

cardiac plexus

43
Q

SNS effect on SA node

A

increase rate

44
Q

PSNS effect on SA node

A

decrease rate

45
Q

SNS effect on atrial wall

A

increase contractility

46
Q

PSNS effect on atrial wall

A

decrease contractility

47
Q

SNS effect on AV node

A

increase speed of conduction

48
Q

PSNS effect on AV node

A

decrease speed of conduction

49
Q

SNS effect on ventricular wall

A

increase contractility

50
Q

PSNS effect on ventricular wall

A

no effect

51
Q

located on the aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum

A

superficial cardiac plexus

52
Q

located on the bifurcation of the trachea

A

deep cardiac plexus

53
Q

contain:
* postganglionic sympathetic fibers
* preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
* visceral afferent

A

cardiac plexus

54
Q

visceral afferents that detect pain are detecting

A

ischemia
metabolic products

55
Q

substernal chest pain

A

angina

56
Q

MI symptoms in men

A
  • nausea
  • jaw, neck, back pain
  • pain/pressure in chest
  • SOB
57
Q

MI symptoms specific to women

A
  • upper back pain
  • pain/pressure in lower chest or upper abdomen
  • fainting
  • indigestion
  • extreme fatigue
58
Q

3 types of referred pain

A
  1. visceral afferents
  2. one branch of a nerve to another
  3. phrenic nerve to shoulder
59
Q

knee pain felt in hip is an example of

A

referred pain
one branch of the femoral nerve to another

60
Q

embryologic origin due to migration of the septum transversum

A

referred pain
phrenic nerve to shoulder

61
Q

identify the heart sound

closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

A

s1

62
Q

identify the heart sound

start of systole

A

s1

63
Q

identify the heart sound

closure of semilunar valves

A

s2

64
Q

identify the heart sound

  • ventricular filling
  • normally in kids, disappers with age
A

s3

65
Q

identify the heart sound

  • atrial contraction
  • not normally heard
A

s4

66
Q

where to auscultate the aortic valve?

A

right 2nd intercostal space, just to the right of the sternum

67
Q

where to auscultate the pulmonary valve?

A

left 2nd intercostal space, just to the left of the sternum

68
Q

where to auscultate the mitral valve?

A

apex of the heart, 5-6th intercostal space at mid clavicular line

69
Q

where to auscultate tricuspid valve?

A

5th intercostal space, left of sternum

70
Q

occurs between the “lub” and the “dub”

A

systolic murmur

71
Q
  • can be early (following the “dub”)
  • can be late (preceding the “lub”)
A

diastolic murmur

72
Q

a systolic murmur indicates

A
  • aortic or pulmonary stenosis
  • mitral or tricuspid regurgitation
73
Q

an early diastolic murmur indicates

A

pulmonary or aortic regurgitation

74
Q

late diastolic murmur indicates

A

tricuspid or mitral stenosis

75
Q

normal direction of flow through a narrow orifice

A

stenosis

76
Q

retrograde flow due to inadequate valve closure

A

regurgitation

77
Q
  • late diastolic murmur
  • heard in left 4-5 intercostal space
  • low pitched
  • rumbling
A

mitral stenosis

78
Q
  • systolic murmur
  • heard at apex of heart
  • soft
  • blowing
  • pansystolic
A

mitral regurgitation

79
Q
  • systolic murmur
  • heard in right 2nd intercostal space
  • cresendo-decresendo
  • harsh
A

aortic stenosis

80
Q
  • early diastolic murmur
  • heard in left 3rd intercostal space
  • high pitched
  • blowing
A

aortic regurgitation

81
Q
  • systolic murmur on left side of sternum
  • harsh
  • pansystolic
A

interventricular septal defect

82
Q
  • systolic murmur
  • left 2nd intercostal space

2

A
  • pulmonary stenosis
  • tetrology of Fallot
83
Q
  • continuous murmur heard in left 2nd intercostal space
  • continuous
  • rumbling
A

patent ductus ateriosus

CP Test 1 (16 decks)

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