B4-074 Myocardial Infarction Flashcards

1
Q

modifiable risk factors for CAD and MI

A
  • hypertension
  • dyslipidemia
  • diabetes
  • smoking
  • tobacco
  • obesity
  • sedentary lifestyle
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2
Q

nonmodifiable risk factor, but very important for CAD and MI

A

family hx

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3
Q

cell death results in damaged or destroyed heart tissue

A

myocardial infarction

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4
Q
  • causes severe chest pain or discomfort
  • medical emergency that requires prompt dx
A

acute coronary syndrome

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5
Q

goals of treatment for acute coronary syndrome

A
  • improving blood flow
  • treating complications
  • preventing
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6
Q

“typical” chest pain

A
  • substernal
  • provoked by excertion/stress
  • relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
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7
Q

“atypical” chest pain

A

2 of the typical characteristics

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8
Q

“noncardiac” chest pain

A

meets 1 or none of the typical characteristics

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9
Q

common symptoms of acute coronary syndrome

A
  • chest pain
  • SOB
  • abdominal pain
  • back pain
  • dizziness
  • nausea
  • sweating
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10
Q

most important initial clinical test for diagnosis of MI

A

12 lead ECG

serial ECGs can be beneficial as well

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11
Q

ST depression

A

NSTEMI

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12
Q

T inversion

A

NSTEMI

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13
Q

ST elevation

A

STEMI

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14
Q

proteins found in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers that regulate muscular contraction

A

troponin

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15
Q

a troponin test measures

A

troponin I or T

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16
Q

released when the heart muscle has been damaged

A

troponin

17
Q

preferred biomarker for myocardial injury

A

troponin

18
Q

caused by sudden complete blockage of coronary artery

A

STEMI

19
Q

caused by severly narrowed artery, which is not usually occluded

A

NSTEMI

20
Q

both STEMI and NSTEMI demonstrate elevated

A

biomarkers

21
Q

intial therapy for acute myocardial infarction is directed toward

A

restoration of perfusion

22
Q

medical management of reperfusion

A
  • aspirin, heparin
  • thrombolytics
23
Q

mechanical management of reperfusion

A
  • percutaneous coronary intervention
  • CABG
24
Q

early interventions and supportive measures

A
  • morphine/pain control
  • Oxygen >94%
  • Nitrate
  • Anti-platelet: Aspirin
  • Beta blockers
  • Ace inhibitor
  • Statin
  • Heparin

MONABASH

25
Q

used to lyse blood clots by activating plasminogen

A

fibrinolysis

26
Q

fibrinolysis is only used in

A

STEMI

27
Q

only used when primary PCI not available with 90 minutes

A

fibrinolysis

28
Q

if used, should be administered within 30 minutes of patient presentation

A

fibrinolysis

29
Q

PCI: catheter thread though femoral or radial artery to the

A

aortic root

30
Q

PCI: guide wire is inserted and advanced

A

past stenosis

31
Q

metal mesh

A

percutaneous coronary artery stent

32
Q

major surgical procedure requiring sternal incision and cardiopulmonary bypass

A

CABG

33
Q

reserved for patient with multiple arterial stenoses

A

CABG

34
Q

post MI complications: 1-3 days

A
  • ventricular arrhythmias
  • bradyarrhythmias
  • cardiogenic shock
  • stroke
35
Q

post MI complications: 3 days - 2 weeks

A
  • ischemic MR/papillary rupture
  • ventricular septal rupture
  • LV free wall rupture
36
Q

post MI complications: > 2 weeks

A

pericarditis