B3.3 Water control Flashcards
What are the two waste products that need to be removed from the body and how are they removed?
- Urea, removed by kidneys in the urine
- Carbon Dioxide removed by lungs, exhalation
Where are the two waste products produced?
- CO2 by respiration
- Urea by liver (by breakdown of amino acids)
What happens if the water or ion content of the body is wrong?
Too much water can move into/out of CELLS and DAMAGE them
When do ions and water enter the body?
When we eat and drink
How does a healthy kidney produce urine? (5 points)
1) filters BLOOD
- reabsorbing: 2) SUGAR
3) IONS
4) and as much WATER as needed
5) releasing URINE
What does treatment by dialysis do to the body?
RESTORES CONCENTRATIONS of dissolved substances in blood to normal
What happens in a dialysis machine?
Blood flows between partially permeable membranes
What does dialysis fluid contain and why?
- Same concentration of useful substances as the blood
- So glucose and mineral ions are not lost
What happens to urea during dialysis?
Passes from blood into dialysis fluid
What will some bodies do to a transplanted kidney?
Kidney may be REJECTED by immune system
How does the immune system reject an organ? Mention antigens in your answer.
Antigen=Protein on cell surface
Antibodies attack antigen on organ as they don’t recognise them
Give two ways to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ
- Use a donor with a similar ‘tissue-type’
- Treat with immunosuppressants
Why can kidney failure be fatal? (1 mark)
Toxic substances accumulate (in blood)
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of kidney transplants
\+ No restricted diet (salt/protein) \+ Cheaper overall (+ Prevents high blood pressure) - Rejection - Immunosuppressant--> other infections
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of dialysis
+ No immunosuppressants
+ No problem finding tissue match (available to all patients)
- Restricted diet
- Overall, more expensive
