B3.3 Temperature and sugar control

Question 1

What is body temperature monitored and controlled by?

Answer 1

The THERMOREGULATORY centre in the brain

Question 2

How does the thermoregulatory centre work?

Answer 2

Has sensitive receptors for temp of blood flowing through brain

Question 3

Where are the temperature receptors that send impulses to the thermo. centre? (not in brain)

Answer 3

Temperature receptors in the SKIN send impulses

Question 4

What two things happen when the core body temperature is too high?

Answer 4

• Glands release more sweat, cools body as it evaporated

- Blood vessels supplying skin capillaries dilate, more blood flow, more heat lost

Question 5

What two things happen when the core body temperature is too low?

Answer 5

• Vessels supplying skin constrict, reduce blood flow

- Muscles ‘shiver’, contraction needs respiration, releases energy to warm body

Question 6

What is the blood glucose concentration of the body monitored and controlled by and how?

Answer 6

• The pancreas

- Produces insulin, allows glucose to move from blood to cells

Question 7

Insulin is a hormone involved in sugar control. What is the other hormone and when is it used?

Answer 7

• Glucagon

- When blood glucose levels fall

Question 8

What does glucagon do?

Answer 8

Converts glycogen into glucose and causes it to be released into the blood.

Question 9

How can you treat Type 1 diabetes? (4 ways)

Answer 9

-Carfeful diet, esp. carbs
(–>digested into glucose)
-Injecting insulin before meals
-Insulin pump

Question 10

What does insulin do to the body and why?

Answer 10

• Makes glucose be taken up by liver and other tissues

- Meaning: cells get needed glucose for respiration, blood glucose conc. stays normal

Question 11

What happens to the pancreas in Type 1 diabetes and why can this be fatal?

Answer 11

• Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

- High glucose levels, cannot lower

Question 12

What did Banting and Best do and discover? (3 points)

Answer 12

• Extract from PANCREAS
• Had ANTI-DIABETIC properties
• Diabetic COMA patients recovered

Question 13

Who did Banting and Best test on? (2 answers)

Answer 13

• Tested+worked on diabetic DOGS

- And on HUMANS (1yr after discovery)

Question 14

What did Banting and Best find that the extract contained?

Answer 14

The hormone insulin

Question 15

Give an advantage and disadvantage of injecting insulin

Answer 15

+Equipment is relatively cheap

-V. careful control of diet + exercise

Question 16

Give an advantage and disadvantage of insulin pumps

Answer 16

+ Can program it to change supply at meal times or times of exercise
-Increased scar tissue around injection sites

Question 17

What does an insulin pump do?

Answer 17

Gives a continuous supply of insulin at low levels