B3.2 Flashcards
How are substances transported around the body
By the circulatory system
What does the circulatory system include
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Where is substances in blood transported from
Where they are taken in to cells or from cells to where they are taken out
What has modern developments in biomedical and technological research enabled us to do
Help people when the circulatory system is not working well
What do plants have separate transport systems for
Water and nutrients
What does the circulatory system do
Transports substances around the body
What is the heart
An organ that pumps blood around the body
What is the heart made out of
Muscle tissue
How many chambers are there in the heart
4
What are the four main chambers in the heart
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
What do valves do
Ensure that blood flows in the correct direction
How many circulation systems are there in the body and what are they
2
One for lungs and one for the rest of the organs in the body
Structure of ateries
They have a thick wall containing muscle and elastic fibres
Structure of veins
Thinner walls than arteries
Often have valves to prevent back flow blood
What is a solution if arteries begin to narrow and restrict blood flow
Stents are used to keep them open
What are capillaries
Very narrow, thin walled blood vessels
Where do substances produced and needed by the cell get in and out of the bloodstream
Through the walls of the capillaries
What is blood
A tissue and consists of a fluid called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended
What does blood plasma transport
Carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs
Soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to other organs
Urea from the liver to the kidney
What do red blood cells do
Transport oxygen from the lungs to the organs
Why dont red blood cells have a nucleus
To get as much haemoglobin as possible in the blood cell
What are red blood cells packed with
A red pigment called haemoglobin
What happens to the haemoglobin in the lungs
Haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
In other organs other than the lungs what does the oxyhemoglobin do
Splits up into haemoglobin and oxygen
What do white blood cells have that red blood cells dont have
A nucleus
What do white blood cells form a part of
Part of the body’s defence system against microorganisms
What are platelets
Small fragments of cells
What do red blood cells and platelets have in common
They have no nucleus
What do platelets help blood do
To clot at the site of a wound
How many separate transport systems do flowering plants have
3
What do xylem tissues transport
Water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and leaves
What is transpiration stream
The movement of water from the roots through the xylem and out of the leaves
What does phloem tissues transport
Dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the growing regions and the storage organs
What are the three transportation systems in a flowering plant
Phloem
Xylem
Transpiration stream
How are capillaries formed
Arteries branch out many times .
How are veins formed
Arteries branch out to form capillaries which join up to form veins
What makes capillaries suitable for diffusion
One cell thick
Very thin walls
Wider than arteries
What do vessels
They carry blood
What do chambers do
Pump blood
What does coronary artery do
Supplies heart muscle with blood rich in oxygen and nutrients
Why are blood vessels narrow
Fatty deposits can be deposited into the blood vessels
How can heart attacks happen
If fat blocks the coronary artery
How do stents work
Narrow mesh tube inserted into blood vessel
Balloon inside tube blown up
Expands the blood vessel
Blood flow restored
How is blood circulated through the heart starting in the left atrium. Do not forget contraction and relaxation
the left atrium contracts and then the oxygenated blood goes to the left ventricle. Then to the aorta.
Then the rest of the body
The artery splits into capillaries then joins together to form veins which carries the deoxygenated blood. The vena cava carries the blood to the right atrium and then the right ventricle. Blood carried to through the pulmonary artery to become oxygenated and brought back to the heart in he pulmonary vain and into the left atrium.
