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B3 > B3.1 > Flashcards

B3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cells, tissues and organs in plants and animals adapted to do

A

To take up and get rid of dissolved substances

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2
Q

What can different conditions affect in cells

A

The rate of transfer

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3
Q

What might be needed sometimes for transfer to take place

A

Energy

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4
Q

How do dissolved substances move

A

By diffusion or active transport

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5
Q

How does water move across boundaries

A

By osmosis

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6
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane that allows the passage of water molecules

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7
Q

What do differences in the concentrations of solutions inside and outside a cell cause

A

Water to move into or out of the cell by osmosis

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8
Q

What do most soft drinks contain

A

Water
Sugar
Ions

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9
Q

What does the sugars in sports drinks do

A

Replace the sugar used in energy release during the activity

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10
Q

Why do sport drinks contain water and ions

A

To replace the water and ions lost during sweating

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11
Q

What do sport drinks contain

A

Water
Ions
Sugars

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12
Q

What happens if water and ions are not replaced

A

The ion/ water balance is disturbed and the cells do not work efficiently

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13
Q

What are some substances absorbed against and what does it require

A

A concentration gradient and requires energy from respiration. This process is called active transport

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14
Q

What is active transport

A

Molecules are moved in and out of a cell using energy

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15
Q

When is active transport used

A

When transport needs to be faster than diffusion

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16
Q

What can be transported using active transport

A

Minerals, glucose and mineral ions

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17
Q

What does active transport enable cells to do

A

To absorb ions from very dilute solution

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18
Q

What type of movement is diffusion and why

A

Passive movement because it requires no energy

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19
Q

What are many organs specialised for

A

Exchanging material

20
Q

How is the effectiveness of an exchange surface increased

A

By having a large surface area
Being thin so a short diffusion path
(In animals) having an efficient blood supply and being ventilated

21
Q

What increases the difficulty of exchanging materials

A

The size

Complexity

22
Q

What increases the surface in the small intestine

A

Villi

23
Q

How does the villi increase the rate of exchange

A

The epithelial tissue of the villi have micro villi

1 cell thick wall so short diffusion distance

Long network of capillaries so fast absorption

24
Q

What does the lacteal in the villi do

A

Absorbs fatty acids and glycerol

25
Q

What increases the surface area of the lungs

A

Alveoli

26
Q

How is the alveoli adapted for gas exchange

A

1 cell thick- short diffusion distance

Lining is moist-easier for gases to exchange

Excellent blood supply-faster absorption of O2 or CO2

27
Q

Where is the lungs in the body

A

Upper part of the body, protected by the ribcage and separated from the lower part if the body by the diaphragm

28
Q

What happens when u inhale

A 
Intercostal muscles contract
Ribcage lifts up and out 
Diaphragm contracts 
Lung volume increases 
Pressure decreases
Air flows into lungs
29
Q

What happens when u exhale

A 
Intercostal muscles relaxes
Ribcage goes down and in 
Lung volume decreases
Pressure increases
Air goes out of lung
30
Q

Why does the breathing system takes air in and out of the body

A

So that oxygen from the air can diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide can diffuse out of the bloodstream

31
Q

What is ventilation

A

The movement of air into and out of the lungs

32
Q

What are absorbed by the roots

A

Water and mineral ions

33
Q

How does carbon dioxide leave the plant

A

By diffusion

34
Q

How is the surface area of roots increased

A

By root hairs

35
Q

What is the surface area if leaves increased by

A

The flattened shape
Internal air space
Thin walls

36
Q

What does the stomata do

A

To obtain carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and to remove oxygen produced in respiration

37
Q

What process where plants lose water vapour from their leaves

A

Transpiration

38
Q

Where in cells are water lost

A

Stomata

39
Q

When is evaporation in plants more rapid

A

Hot, dry and windy conditions

40
Q

What happens if a plants lose water fast

A

Replaced by the roots

Stomata can close to stop wilting

41
Q

What is the size of stomata controlled by

A

Guard cells which surrounds them

42
Q

What is the rate of transpiration

A

How fast evaporation in the leaves takes place

43
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration

A

It increases so more stomata opens to a point where all the stomata are open

44
Q

Why does light intensity only increase the rate of transpiration only to a certain point

A

No more stomata can open

45
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration

A

The higher the temperature, the faster the water molecules are moving the air so therefore evaporate from leaf quicker

46
Q

How does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration

A

The faster the water molecules move in the air,
The faster water will be removed
Diffusion of water out of leaf increases
Rate of transpiration increases due to a high concentration gradient

47
Q

How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration

A

The less humid, the less water in the air
Water will diffuse more quickly
Increase in rate of transpiration
Higher concentration gradient between inside and outside of leaf

B3 (4 decks)

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