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Biology > B3 rest > Flashcards

B3 rest Flashcards

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1
Q

Why glucose found in blood not urine (5)

A 
glucose enter blood from liver
filtered out of blood
small molecule
reabsorbed into blood
by at
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2
Q

Why healthy person no protein in urine (2)

A

large molecule

diseased lets protein through filter

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3
Q

Pros and cons of kidney transplant rather than dialysis (11)

A 
no build up of toxins
prevent high blood pressure
no restricted diet
no blood clots like dialysis
kidney work all the time
cheaper long term
rejection
use of immunosuppressant drugs - other infections
dangers during operation
shortage of donors
high initial cost
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4
Q

Why protein not present in filtrate (1)

A

too big to pass through filtrate

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5
Q

Why con of urea higher in urine than filtrate (1)

A

Water taken into blood

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6
Q

All absorb by diffusion why (2)

A

all sugars absorbed when poisoned

diff not need energy supply

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7
Q

Haemoglobin not found in urine of healthy, found in diseased why (2)

A

RBC too big pass filter
haemoglobin inside RBC release when burst
small enough to pass through filter

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8
Q

Which blood vessel is artery (2)

A

higher pressure

pulse

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9
Q

Explain why urine flow decrease after ecstasy (1)

A

more reabsoprtion of water

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10
Q

Why con of ions in blood change after ecstasy (2)

A

ions in blood diluted

increase water reabsorption

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11
Q

How dialysis restore con of dissolved substances to normal levels (4)

A

partially permeable membrane
dialysis fluid has ideal con of solutes
waste passes from high to low con
equilibrium between plasma and dialysis fluid

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12
Q

Why flask shaken (1)

A

mix in O2

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13
Q

Why high con of Fusarium used

A

so not limiting

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14
Q

Explanation for why F grow before li[ase start and as F slow, lipase speed (2)

A

need sufficient growth of F before release lipase

F use protein from reaction mixture, later use lipid

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15
Q

How urine prod by kidneys (5)

A 
filtration of blood (not protein) into kidney tubules
reabsorption of all glucose into blood
of some ions and water needed by body
urea present in urine
reabsorption of water by osmosis
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16
Q

not nuch O2 dissolve in water why (3)

A

blood has haemoglobin
combine with O2
form oxyhaemoglobin

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17
Q

Why blood leaving lung more O2 than muscles (2)

A

blood become oxygenated in lungs

lose O2 to cells as muscle respiring to provide energy

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18
Q

Why urine more ions and urea on hot day (4)

A

more sweating
“ water loss
“ reabsorption
lower volume of urine

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19
Q

Why urine in diabetic has glucose (2)

A

not all reabsorbed

too high con in tubule

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20
Q

Method of treating narrowed part of blood and how work (3)

A

stent
keep artery open
allow ions move through blood

21
Q

How comp of artery diff from vein

A

less o2, more O2

22
Q

Role of blood vessels in control of body temp (4)

A

temp too high, blood vessels supply skin/capillaries dilate
more blood flow through skin
more heat lost by radiation
low, narrow

23
Q

Why overheat in humid (3)

A

sweat released
cannot evaporate as water vapour in air
so less cooling

24
Q

Blood plasma carries urea from …. to … where removed

A

liver

kidney

25
Q

Factors consider so valve work (4)

A

no rejection
not toxic
not leak
strong

26
Q

Why core bdy temp increase and skin decrease after PE (4)

A

increase respiration
release energy
sweat
evaporate cool

27
Q

How body respond when glucose con decrease (3)

A

pancreas detect low con
prod glucagon
glycogen convert to glucose

28
Q

Give one symptom of diabetes

A

Above normal blood sugar

29
Q

Give 2 ways in which a diabetic may be advised to change their diet

A 
Small / regular meals - keep constant (blood) sugar
Low sugar (meals) - reduce the need for insulin
30
Q

State one way in which the symptoms of diabetes may be treated

A

insulin

31
Q

Describe the parts played by the brain and the skin in monitoring body temperature (4)

A

Thermoregulatory centre in brain
Receptors sensitive measures temperature of blood
Receptors in skin
Sends impulses to thermoregulatory centre

32
Q

Explain the role of muscle in the control of body temperature (8)

A 
Cold: muscle contracts 
Less blood through capillaries 
Less heat lost 
Less sweat produced 
Hot: muscle relaxes
More blood through capillaries 
More heat lost 
More sweat produced
33
Q

Which organ in the body monitors blood glucose concentration

A

pancreas

34
Q

The amount of insulin injected needs to be carefully controlled. Explain why

A

Amount of glucose in blood varies

35
Q

Insulin reduces the concentration of glucose in the blood. Describe how insulin does this (2)

A

Stored as glycogen

Glucose into cells

36
Q

What causes rise in core body temperature

A

respiration

37
Q

Why body temp increase when not enough water (3)

A

Less water available for sweat
Less heat lost
Less evaporation (of sweat)

38
Q

Which type of bread would be most suitable for a person with diabetes? (3)

A

Lower peak
Slower rise
Need to take less insulin

39
Q

Explain the reasons for the changes in blood glucose concentration when the person ate the brown bread. (6)

A 
Amylase 
Starch to sugar 
(Sugar) absorbed into blood 
Insulin produced in pancreas
Glucose (from blood) into cells 
Glucose used in respiration
40
Q

Pros and cons of pancreas transplant compared with insulin injections (9)

A

Permanent
No need for self-monitoring
No need for insulin
No need for dietary control

Low success rate 
Still need dietary control 
Operation hazards 
Risk of infection from donor 
Rejection / need for drugs to prevent rejection
41
Q

What type of substance is insulin?

A

protein

42
Q

what happens to the excess amino acids (3)

A

Broken down Into urea In liver
Filtered by kidney In urine
Held in bladder

43
Q

Name the organ which makes urea

A

liver

44
Q

Which organ removes urea from the body?

A

kidney

45
Q

When the woman’s core body temperature rises, the woman’s rate of sweating increases. Explain why. (3)

A

Thermoregulatory centre detecting rise in temperature (of blood or skin) causing increase in sweating
More evaporation
More cooling

46
Q

What process brings about shivering?

A

muscle contraction

47
Q

Shivering increases body temperature. Explain how. (3)

A

Muscles contract
Respiration
Releases heat

48
Q

Which part of the brain monitors the fall in core body temperature

A

Thermoregulatory centre

Biology (10 decks)

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