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Biology > B 3 > Flashcards

B 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Process produce biogas (1)

A

Anaerobic fermentation

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2
Q

Benefit of biogas (2)

A

Gain fertiliser

Manure disposed of

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3
Q

Biogas generator not work in UK (2)

A

Lower temp

Process slower

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4
Q

Fuel gas present in biogas (1)

A

Methane

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5
Q

Active transport (2)

A

Transport low to high con
Use energy
Use protein

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6
Q

What help in active transport in small and how (2)

A

Micro villi larger SA so more diffusion to absorb ions

Mitochondria release energy

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7
Q

Why stirrer (2)

A

Maintain even temp throughout

Allow mixing of microorganisms and organic matter

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8
Q

Why jacket of cold water (2)

A

Micro organisms release energy in respiration
Maintain constant temp
Prevent denaturation of enzymes

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9
Q

Features of villi/alveoli (4)

A

Large SA
Have enzymes and mitochondria provide energy(villi)
Partially permeable
Many blood vessels
Thin wall Short distance from air to blood

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10
Q

Plant in dry (4)

A

No stomata on upper surface Less transpiration
Stomata close in day during warm period
Since warmth increase transpiration
Open at night reduce transpiration

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11
Q

Stomata on lower surface of leaf not upper (2)

A

Reduced transpiration from upper surface

Warmer above leaf

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12
Q

Produced by yeast in fermentation (2)

A

CO2

Ethanol

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13
Q

Bubbles of air enter fermenter (2)

A

Mixing

Faster respiration

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14
Q

Why glucose added to fermenter (1)

A

Use in respiration

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15
Q

Why fermenter heat up (1)

A

Energy from respiration

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16
Q

Why no contamination (2)

A

Compete for food

Harmful

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17
Q

How contamination prevented (4)

A

Sterilise fermenter and glucose and air intake

Check no leaks

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18
Q

Process water lost from leaves (1)

A

Transpiration

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19
Q

Why water lost most rapidly in wind at warm temp (3)

A

Faster transpiration
Molecules move faster
Maintain con gra

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20
Q

Ethanol gasohol for against (6)

A 
For
Renewable
C neutral no effect on global warming photo take in CO2
Less co emissions
Co toxic

Against
Release energy so burn more
More fuel loss due to evaporation
Cause deforestation

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21
Q

40*C why better biogas generator underground (2)

A

Cooler
Optimum temp of biogas production
Speed up production

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22
Q

0-25*C, 60cm thick wall biogas generator how thickness affect production (2)

A

Increase rate

Insulates

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23
Q

Take up more ions with oxygen (3)

A

Active transport
Require energy
More energy from aerobic

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24
Q

Flour contain starch and enzyme why CO2 increase (3)

A

Starch to glucose by enzyme
Used by yeast
Respiration increase

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25
Q

Advantages of biogas generator underground (4)

A

Less visual impact
Easier to maintain optimum temp
Ease of adding slurry
Withstand pressure build up

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26
Q

Why important level of inlet and overflow tank higher than slurry (1)

A

Prevent o2 enter

27
Q

Why con of solids kept low in anaerobic digester (1)

A

Diff to stir

28
Q

How make digester more expensive (1)

A

Add stirrer

29
Q

Digester first set up biogas a lot of CO2 (2)

A

O2 present

CO2 produced by aerobic

30
Q

How ethanol based fuel produced from plant materials (4)

A

Starch to glucose with amylase in digestion
Anaerobic fermentation yeast added
Ethanol distilled from fermentation products
Mix with petrol to make gasohol

31
Q

Diffusion (2)

A

Movement of ions from high to low con

Without energy

32
Q

Process O2 air to blood (1)

A

Diffusion

33
Q

How breathing allow O2 enter blood (2)

A

Keep O2 level high in alveoli

Keep O2 con in alveoli more than blood

34
Q

Prevent contamination in lab (1)

A

Work near flame

35
Q

Biogas pumped not air (1)

A

Prevent aerobic

36
Q

Why muscles not store glycogen higher heart rate (3)

A

Cannot store glucose
Need to receive elsewhere
For respiration

37
Q

Rate of biogas production slowed down at end of investigation why (1)

A

Organic matter used up

38
Q

Where transpiration occur (1)

A

Stomata

39
Q

In one breathing cycle how diaphragm and rib cage cause change in lung volume (3)

A

Rise caused by outward movement of rib cage
And flattening of diaphragm
Fall as return of ribcage to original position

40
Q

Diff between ancient and modern ventilator (2)

A

Ancient atmospheric pressure force air into lungs

Modern air forced mechanically into lungs

41
Q

Advantages and dis of modern ventilator (5)

A

A
Freedom of movement
Portable
Not affect blood flow in lower body

D
Tube in trachea uncomfortable
Diff to eat

42
Q

A and d of factory farming and method (6)

A

M cramped, controlled temp feeding lighting, treated with prophylactic antibiotics
A
Increased profit / greater food production
more livestock
Less energy is lost through movement and keeping warm
Food is high in calories so animals will grow faster
Easier to vaccinate all the animals
Easier to protect animals from predators
Antibiotic treatment stops infections in animals
D
cruelty
Restricted movement
Faster spread of diseases
residual chemicals in the food chain
increasing global warming
Increased pollution from animal waste and from additional transport

43
Q

Why roots need osmosis to absorb water and active transport to absorb ions (4)

A

Con in soil higher than root
Water high to low con
Con of ions in soil less than root cells
So energy needed to move ions

44
Q

Transpiration stream (2)

A

Movement of water from root up stem via xylem to leaves

Water evaporates via stomata

45
Q

Why mass of fish caught increase and decrease (2)

A

I fishing

D quotas

46
Q

Why % fish caught from sustainable sources increasing (1)

A

Public awareness

47
Q

2 methods maintaining fish stocks

A

Fishing quotas

Net size

48
Q

Reason and effect of deforestation (6)

A 
R timber for construction
Grow plants for biofuel
Wood as fuel
Land for agriculture
E increase CO2 in atmosphere due to burning activities of microbes less CO2 taken in less photo
Increase methane due to rice
49
Q

Osmosis (3)

A

Dilute to high concentrated solution
No energy
Partially permeable membrane

50
Q

Cells control size of stomata (1)

A

Guard cells

51
Q

Function of stomata (1)

A

Allow Co2 enter and O2 leave

52
Q

Dis of many stomata (1)

A

Increase water loss

53
Q

Very little water lost when grease on lower surface of leaf (3)

A

Lower most stomata
Covered
H2o cannot evaporate

54
Q

Deforestation increase Co2 why (5)

A 
Burning
Microbes respiring
CO2 given off by machinery
Less photo
Less Co2 taken by trees
55
Q

Biodiversity (1)

A

Range of diff species

56
Q

Why important prevent organisms from extinction (3)

A

Disrupt food chain
Duty to preserve for future generations
Loss of environmental indicators

57
Q

How Co2 cause global warming (3)

A

Heat
Radiated by Earth
CO2 absorbs

58
Q

Outcome of greenhouse effect (2)

A

Global warming

Melting ice caps

59
Q

Why carbon neutral attract customers (1)

A

Customers concerned with environment

60
Q

How get food from Britain help environment (2)

A

Reduce transport for food

Less Co2 emissions

61
Q

How agricultural activities contribute to global warming (6)

A

Methane produced by cattle and rice
More greenhouse gas

CO2 from tractors
Deforestation release Co2 by burning

CO2 absorb energy radiated from Earth
Energy radiated back to earth

62
Q

Methane effects (3)

A

Absorb energy radiated by Earth
Some energy reradiated
Lead to global warming

63
Q

A of adding coriander to animals food (2)

A

Less food converted to methane

More meat produced

64
Q

Why most water lost at 1-3pm (3)

A

Brightest time of day
Water evaporates fastest
More stomata open

Biology (10 decks)

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