B 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Is new detergent more environmentally friendly (2)
A
Yes
Less heat wasted
Conserves fuel supplies
Less co2 emissions
2
Q
What affected by cystic fibrosis (1)
A
Cell membranes
3
Q
Why people embryo screening (1)
A
Reduce health care cost
4
Q
Why people against embryo screening (1)
A
Potential harm to embryo
5
Q
What does cell use code in genes for (2)
A
To combine a a
In specific order
To manufacture enzymes
6
Q
Only half child fingerprint natch mum why (2)
A
Due to meiosis
Egg only contain half of DNA sperm contain other half
7
Q
Enzyme digest protein (1)
A
Protease
8
Q
Evaluate use of dogs in experiments (3)
A
No experiment on human
Dig sim to human
Allow us find treatment
Cruel
Dogs may not be like humans
9
Q
What growers need to consider before making decisions about growing conditions (2)
A
Cost of providing conditions
Effect of treatment on profit
Limiting factors
10
Q
Nitrate magnesium ion function in plants and deficiency symptoms (4)
A
N produce a a
Stunted growth
M produce chlorophyll
Yellow leaves
11
Q
Photosynthesis equation
A
CO2+H2O light energy glucose+O2
12
Q
One source of CO2 for plant (1)
A
Respiration in plant
13
Q
2 independent variables in investigation (2)
A
Light intensity
Leaf colour
14
Q
Why no starch under card (1)
A
Dark no photo
15
Q
Why no starch in white bit (1)
A
No chlorophyll
16
Q
2 factors should investigate before deciding (2)
A
Effect of temp
pH
17
Q
Many biological detergents cannot be used at high temp why (1)
A
Enzyme denatured
18
Q
Embryo screening (1)
A
Embryo tested for particular allele
19
Q
One allele in 30 is cystic fibrosis but only in 900 has CF why (2)
A
CF recessive allele
Need 2 to get CF
20
Q
Movement of chloride ions cause water to pass out of cells into mucus why (3)
A
Diffusion
More concentrated solution outside cell
Water move from dilute to more con solution
Partially permeable membrane
21
Q
What part of lung cells manufacture protein in mucus (1)
A
Ribosomes
22
Q
Name enzyme that digests fats (1)
A
Lipase
23
Q
What happens to insoluble starch (1)
A
Stored for later use
24
Q
Controlled variables (2)
A
CO2 con
pH
Size plant
25
2 measurements to calculate RoP (2)
No of bubbles
| Per min
26
Why lactase not normally produced in stomach (2)
Stomach acidic
| Lactase works best in high pH
27
How bile help digestion of milk (2)
Emulsifies fat, broken up into droplets so greater sa
| Enzymes work better
28
Why even no of chromosomes (1)
Come in pairs
29
Function of DNA (2)
Combination of aa
Form particular proteins
Code
30
Why mitosis important (1)
For growth/repair
31
Why cell swell in water (3)
Water enters cell
By diffusion
Through partially permeable membrane
32
What structure prevent dell bursting (1)
Cell wall
33
Control variable (1) lipase
Same volume
34
Lipase solution and lipid kept separately in water bath before mixing why (1)
So lipase and lipid reach right temp
35
2 ways improve investigation (2)
Test more regularly
| At smaller time intervals
36
Lipase breaks down lipid into what (1)
Fatty acids and glycerol
37
How mitochondria help sperm travel to egg (1)
Releases energy
38
Why nucleus of sperm diff from body (1)
Contains half no of chromosomes
39
Why stem cells from embryos used to treat disease (2)
Unspecialised
Can form other types of cells
Can multiply
40
Effect on O2 if white leaf used (2)
Fall
| Used for respiration
41
Why when white leaf turn green better (2)
More chloroplasts
| Allow more photo
42
Why no not match expected (1)
Small numbers not representative
43
Why mendels work not recognised (1)
Gene not discovered
44
Athlete A or B (4)
```
A
More glycogen
More energy released
Glycogen used in respiration
More energy used for movement
```
45
Function of ribosomes (1)
Protein synthesis
46
Diff between plant and bacterial cell (1)
Plants have chloroplasts
47
Why bacterial cell not contain mitochondria (1)
Too small
| Same size as mitochondria
48
How use a quadrat and tape (6)
```
Use tape measure to produce transect
Place quadrat
Place transect across stream
Score presence of each plant species
Place quadrat at regular intervals along tape
Repeat transect several times
Along stream
At random
```
49
What happens to genetic material before divides (1)
Doubles
50
Why sexual reproduction produces new variety of onion (3)
Fertilisation occurs
Leading to mixing of genetic info
One copy of each allele from each parent
51
Leaf discs not produce oxygen in dark why (1)
Light needed for photo
52
Leaf disks took in oxygen in dark why (1)
O2 needed for respiration
53
Why farmer not heat greenhouse above 35 C (3)
Above 35 little increase in rate
So waste of money
Respiration rate higher above 35
So respiration reduces effect of photo
54
How do fossils provide evidence for evolution (3)
Fossil is organism lived long time ago
Simpler than present day species
Similar features to present day species
55
Suggest explanation for development of new species (6)
Isolation
By geographical barrier, eg
Genetic variation - each pop has wide range of alleles that control characteristics
Diff environmental conditions
Natural selection select diff characteristics
Favourable alleles passed on in each population
Differences lead to inability to successfully interbreed
56
Allele (1)
Forms of the same gene
57
Recessive (1)
Only expressed if 2 copies inherited
58
2 tissues in leaf that transport substances around plant (1)
Xylem phloem
59
Diffusion (2)
Movement of particles
| From high to low con
60
One gas diffuse out of leaf in sunny day (1)
Oxygen
61
How student decide where to place quadrat (2)
Randomly
| Random no
62
Factor account for distribution of plant (1)
Nutrients
| Minerals
63
Enzyme where produced
Products of digestion
Other chemicals (6)
Fat
Mechanical breakdown in mouth, salivary glands secrete amylase, break down starch
Gullet/oesophagus push food to stomach
Stomach: acid destroy pathogens and secrete protease
Pancreas secrete more juices and enzymes in small
Liver produce bile stored in gall bladder
Neutralise acid from stomach
Produce alkaline condition in small
Emulsification
Small: folded to increase SA and diff to absorb
Lipase breaks fat into fatty acids and glycerol
Produced by pancreas and small intestine
Fat digestion occurs in small
large absorb water from undigested molecules, faeces
64
How anaerobic diff in yeast from human (1)
Yeast makes alcohol
65
Factor affect RoP not light (5)
CO2 con
As it rises rate rises then levels
Increases when CO2 is limiting levels when another factor limiting
Temp
As it increases rate rises then falls
Increases as RoR increase fall denatured
66
How change in DNA result in enzyme not work (3)
Sequence of a a different
Enzyme diff shape
So substrate not fit into enzymes
67
Hoe many chromosomes in nucleus of human nerve cell (1)
46
68
2 advantages of using isomerase in column of beads (2)
Enzyme can be reused
More stable
Product pure
69
Why use fructose not glucose (2)
Less f needed for same sweetness
| Less f less fattening
70
How chromosome become 2 strands (1)
DNA replicates
71
Why offspring cannot reproduce (2)
Contain odd no of each chromosome
Some chromosomes cannot pair in meiosis
Gametes not formed
72
Why chromosome become 2 strands before cell divides (2)
One copy of each chromosome to each offspring cell
| Each offspring cell receives same genetic material
73
Cell division produces gametes (2)
Meiosis
74
How student obtain sample (1)
Random selection
75
2 enzymes produced by pancreas (2)
Protease
Lipase
Carbohydrase
76
How bile affects digestion of food in small (2)
Neutralises acid
Enzymes work more effectively
Emulsifies fat
Larger sa
77
Gallstones produce pale faeces and jaundice (4)
Bile
not get into faeces
Pigment
deposited on skin
78
Why magnesium not limiting factor (1)
Same amount of grain produced when more mag provided
79
Why magnesium affect yield (2)
Mag used for chlorophyll production
| For photo
80
Why not add more mag (1)
Not cost effective
81
Why less light passes through mixture when starch more concentrated (1)
Opaque
82
Enzyme shich convert glucose into fructose (1)
Isomerase
83
One way grower could increase yield (1)
Increase temp
| Light
84
What is small section of DNA (1)
Gene
85
Aa cannot be stored what happens to excess (3)
```
Aa broken down
Formed in urea
Which formed in liver
Filtered by kidney
In urine
Stored in bladder
```
86
Why discs float (1)
O2 produced
87
Why helpful take 5 eggs rather than 1 (1)
Greater chance of fertilisation
88
Evaluate embryo screening (4)
Greater chance having child without Cf
Expensive bring up
CF not passed through generations
Embryo killed
Possible damage to embryo
89
Where amylase produced(3)
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small
90
Why amylase and starch left in water bath before mixed (2)
So come to temp of water bath
| Near body temp optimum temp
91
Why light pass through mot change (1)
All starch digested
92
Why better to count bubbles very min than all in 3 min (1)
Improve reliability
93
Why doctors expect half embryo female (2)
Half sperm have X and half Y chromosome
| All eggs X
94
Why not use higher temp enzymes (2)
Denatured
| Shape not fit stain
95
How someone can be carrier of CF (2)
CF allele recessive
| Carrier only one CF gene
96
Why only need one parent have HD for child to get (1)
HD dominant allele
97
How make sure heat from la,p not affect RoP (1)
Water bath
98
Describe structure of leaf and function of tissues (6)
Epidermis cover plant, no chloroplasts allow light penetrate
Mesophyll photosynthesise
Phloem xylem transport
Cuticle decrease water loss
Stomata guard cell allow CO2 in O2 out control water loss
Palisade many chloroplasts trap light near to of leaf to receive more light
Spongy air spaces for rapid movement of gases
99
Effect trypsin has in baby food (2)
Break down food
Form protein into aa
Runnier
100
One use of enzyme in industry (2)
Carbohydrase starch into sugar make syrup
Lipase fats into fatty acids removal of grease stains
Isomerase glucose into fructose slimming foods
Protease pre difest baby foods
101
How ribosomes and mitochondria help cell make enzymes (3)
Ribosomes make proteins
Using aa
Mitochondria provide energy for process
103
Why important gametes have half chromosomes (2)
Fertilisation
| Original no 46
104
Why more light increase RoP (2)
More energy available
| For growth
105
Dominant allele (1)
Allele expressed even when other allele present
106
How sample valid (2)
Quadrat
| Randomly placed
107
Advantage stem cell from adult cell (1)
From self no rejection
| Skin cell more accessible
108
Product of protein digestion (1)
Aa
109
What enzyme digests protein (1)
Protease
110
How get more accurate value of pH (2)
Repeat
| Using smaller intervals between pH 1 and 3
111
Why no change of length enzyme (2)
Denatured
| Cannot fit substrate
112
Acid in stomach (1)
Hydrochloric
113
Importance diffusion in animals and plants
| Examples (6)
```
I
Take in substances for use in cell processes
Products from cell processes removed
E
Respiration O2 in Co2 out
Photo vice versa
Food molecules absorbed glucose aa
Water absorption large and roots
Water lost from leaves
Mineral ions absorbed by roots
Description
Movement of particles
Through partially permeable membrane
Down con gradient
```
114
Process make lactic acid (1)
Anaerobic
115
Why more lactic acid needed when run faster (3)
More energy needed
Not enough O2 can be supplied to muscles
So more anaerobic to supply extra energy
116
Why advantage to give ions in plants (1)
Can supply correct nutrients
117
How put bubbles in ion solution help roots stay alive (3)
Provide O2
For aerobic
Which supplies energy for roots
118
Why regular intervals not random (2)
To get data about position of seaweed
| In relation to distance from sea
119
How improve to ensure validity (2)
Repeat several times
| Elsewhere along shore
120
How floating increase survive (2)
Gets more ought
| For photo
121
Fertilised egg form embryo by what cell division (1)
Mitosis
122
Genetic material made up of large molecules of what chemical substance (1)
DNA
123
Why soft bodies make it hard for scientists (2)
Lack of fossils
| Soft parts decay
124
Reasons why did not mate (2)
Not attractive
Nt mating season
Same sex
125
Species (2)
Organisms that can interbreed
| Successfully
126
Where aerobic happen (1)
Mitochondria
