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B 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Is new detergent more environmentally friendly (2)

A

Yes
Less heat wasted
Conserves fuel supplies
Less co2 emissions

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2
Q

What affected by cystic fibrosis (1)

A

Cell membranes

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3
Q

Why people embryo screening (1)

A

Reduce health care cost

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4
Q

Why people against embryo screening (1)

A

Potential harm to embryo

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5
Q

What does cell use code in genes for (2)

A

To combine a a
In specific order
To manufacture enzymes

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6
Q

Only half child fingerprint natch mum why (2)

A

Due to meiosis

Egg only contain half of DNA sperm contain other half

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7
Q

Enzyme digest protein (1)

A

Protease

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8
Q

Evaluate use of dogs in experiments (3)

A

No experiment on human
Dig sim to human
Allow us find treatment

Cruel
Dogs may not be like humans

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9
Q

What growers need to consider before making decisions about growing conditions (2)

A

Cost of providing conditions
Effect of treatment on profit
Limiting factors

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10
Q

Nitrate magnesium ion function in plants and deficiency symptoms (4)

A

N produce a a
Stunted growth

M produce chlorophyll
Yellow leaves

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11
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

CO2+H2O light energy glucose+O2

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12
Q

One source of CO2 for plant (1)

A

Respiration in plant

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13
Q

2 independent variables in investigation (2)

A

Light intensity

Leaf colour

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14
Q

Why no starch under card (1)

A

Dark no photo

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15
Q

Why no starch in white bit (1)

A

No chlorophyll

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16
Q

2 factors should investigate before deciding (2)

A

Effect of temp

pH

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17
Q

Many biological detergents cannot be used at high temp why (1)

A

Enzyme denatured

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18
Q

Embryo screening (1)

A

Embryo tested for particular allele

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19
Q

One allele in 30 is cystic fibrosis but only in 900 has CF why (2)

A

CF recessive allele

Need 2 to get CF

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20
Q

Movement of chloride ions cause water to pass out of cells into mucus why (3)

A

Diffusion
More concentrated solution outside cell
Water move from dilute to more con solution
Partially permeable membrane

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21
Q

What part of lung cells manufacture protein in mucus (1)

A

Ribosomes

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22
Q

Name enzyme that digests fats (1)

A

Lipase

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23
Q

What happens to insoluble starch (1)

A

Stored for later use

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24
Q

Controlled variables (2)

A

CO2 con
pH
Size plant

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25
Q

2 measurements to calculate RoP (2)

A

No of bubbles

Per min

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26
Q

Why lactase not normally produced in stomach (2)

A

Stomach acidic

Lactase works best in high pH

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27
Q

How bile help digestion of milk (2)

A

Emulsifies fat, broken up into droplets so greater sa

Enzymes work better

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28
Q

Why even no of chromosomes (1)

A

Come in pairs

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29
Q

Function of DNA (2)

A

Combination of aa
Form particular proteins
Code

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30
Q

Why mitosis important (1)

A

For growth/repair

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31
Q

Why cell swell in water (3)

A

Water enters cell
By diffusion
Through partially permeable membrane

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32
Q

What structure prevent dell bursting (1)

A

Cell wall

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33
Q

Control variable (1) lipase

A

Same volume

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34
Q

Lipase solution and lipid kept separately in water bath before mixing why (1)

A

So lipase and lipid reach right temp

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35
Q

2 ways improve investigation (2)

A

Test more regularly

At smaller time intervals

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36
Q

Lipase breaks down lipid into what (1)

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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37
Q

How mitochondria help sperm travel to egg (1)

A

Releases energy

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38
Q

Why nucleus of sperm diff from body (1)

A

Contains half no of chromosomes

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39
Q

Why stem cells from embryos used to treat disease (2)

A

Unspecialised
Can form other types of cells
Can multiply

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40
Q

Effect on O2 if white leaf used (2)

A

Fall

Used for respiration

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41
Q

Why when white leaf turn green better (2)

A

More chloroplasts

Allow more photo

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42
Q

Why no not match expected (1)

A

Small numbers not representative

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43
Q

Why mendels work not recognised (1)

A

Gene not discovered

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44
Q

Athlete A or B (4)

A 
A
More glycogen
More energy released
Glycogen used in respiration
More energy used for movement
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45
Q

Function of ribosomes (1)

A

Protein synthesis

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46
Q

Diff between plant and bacterial cell (1)

A

Plants have chloroplasts

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47
Q

Why bacterial cell not contain mitochondria (1)

A

Too small

Same size as mitochondria

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48
Q

How use a quadrat and tape (6)

A 
Use tape measure to produce transect
Place quadrat
Place transect across stream
Score presence of each plant species
Place quadrat at regular intervals along tape
Repeat transect several times
Along stream
At random
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49
Q

What happens to genetic material before divides (1)

A

Doubles

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50
Q

Why sexual reproduction produces new variety of onion (3)

A

Fertilisation occurs
Leading to mixing of genetic info
One copy of each allele from each parent

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51
Q

Leaf discs not produce oxygen in dark why (1)

A

Light needed for photo

52
Q

Leaf disks took in oxygen in dark why (1)

A

O2 needed for respiration

53
Q

Why farmer not heat greenhouse above 35 C (3)

A

Above 35 little increase in rate
So waste of money
Respiration rate higher above 35
So respiration reduces effect of photo

54
Q

How do fossils provide evidence for evolution (3)

A

Fossil is organism lived long time ago
Simpler than present day species
Similar features to present day species

55
Q

Suggest explanation for development of new species (6)

A

Isolation
By geographical barrier, eg
Genetic variation - each pop has wide range of alleles that control characteristics
Diff environmental conditions
Natural selection select diff characteristics
Favourable alleles passed on in each population
Differences lead to inability to successfully interbreed

56
Q

Allele (1)

A

Forms of the same gene

57
Q

Recessive (1)

A

Only expressed if 2 copies inherited

58
Q

2 tissues in leaf that transport substances around plant (1)

A

Xylem phloem

59
Q

Diffusion (2)

A

Movement of particles

From high to low con

60
Q

One gas diffuse out of leaf in sunny day (1)

A

Oxygen

61
Q

How student decide where to place quadrat (2)

A

Randomly

Random no

62
Q

Factor account for distribution of plant (1)

A

Nutrients

Minerals

63
Q

Enzyme where produced
Products of digestion
Other chemicals (6)
Fat

A

Mechanical breakdown in mouth, salivary glands secrete amylase, break down starch
Gullet/oesophagus push food to stomach
Stomach: acid destroy pathogens and secrete protease
Pancreas secrete more juices and enzymes in small
Liver produce bile stored in gall bladder
Neutralise acid from stomach
Produce alkaline condition in small
Emulsification
Small: folded to increase SA and diff to absorb
Lipase breaks fat into fatty acids and glycerol
Produced by pancreas and small intestine
Fat digestion occurs in small
large absorb water from undigested molecules, faeces

64
Q

How anaerobic diff in yeast from human (1)

A

Yeast makes alcohol

65
Q

Factor affect RoP not light (5)

A

CO2 con
As it rises rate rises then levels
Increases when CO2 is limiting levels when another factor limiting

Temp
As it increases rate rises then falls
Increases as RoR increase fall denatured

66
Q

How change in DNA result in enzyme not work (3)

A

Sequence of a a different
Enzyme diff shape
So substrate not fit into enzymes

67
Q

Hoe many chromosomes in nucleus of human nerve cell (1)

A

46

68
Q

2 advantages of using isomerase in column of beads (2)

A

Enzyme can be reused
More stable
Product pure

69
Q

Why use fructose not glucose (2)

A

Less f needed for same sweetness

Less f less fattening

70
Q

How chromosome become 2 strands (1)

A

DNA replicates

71
Q

Why offspring cannot reproduce (2)

A

Contain odd no of each chromosome
Some chromosomes cannot pair in meiosis
Gametes not formed

72
Q

Why chromosome become 2 strands before cell divides (2)

A

One copy of each chromosome to each offspring cell

Each offspring cell receives same genetic material

73
Q

Cell division produces gametes (2)

A

Meiosis

74
Q

How student obtain sample (1)

A

Random selection

75
Q

2 enzymes produced by pancreas (2)

A

Protease
Lipase
Carbohydrase

76
Q

How bile affects digestion of food in small (2)

A

Neutralises acid
Enzymes work more effectively
Emulsifies fat
Larger sa

77
Q

Gallstones produce pale faeces and jaundice (4)

A

Bile
not get into faeces

Pigment
deposited on skin

78
Q

Why magnesium not limiting factor (1)

A

Same amount of grain produced when more mag provided

79
Q

Why magnesium affect yield (2)

A

Mag used for chlorophyll production

For photo

80
Q

Why not add more mag (1)

A

Not cost effective

81
Q

Why less light passes through mixture when starch more concentrated (1)

A

Opaque

82
Q

Enzyme shich convert glucose into fructose (1)

A

Isomerase

83
Q

One way grower could increase yield (1)

A

Increase temp

Light

84
Q

What is small section of DNA (1)

A

Gene

85
Q

Aa cannot be stored what happens to excess (3)

A 
Aa broken down
Formed in urea
Which formed in liver
Filtered by kidney
In urine
Stored in bladder
86
Q

Why discs float (1)

A

O2 produced

87
Q

Why helpful take 5 eggs rather than 1 (1)

A

Greater chance of fertilisation

88
Q

Evaluate embryo screening (4)

A

Greater chance having child without Cf
Expensive bring up
CF not passed through generations

Embryo killed
Possible damage to embryo

89
Q

Where amylase produced(3)

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small

90
Q

Why amylase and starch left in water bath before mixed (2)

A

So come to temp of water bath

Near body temp optimum temp

91
Q

Why light pass through mot change (1)

A

All starch digested

92
Q

Why better to count bubbles very min than all in 3 min (1)

A

Improve reliability

93
Q

Why doctors expect half embryo female (2)

A

Half sperm have X and half Y chromosome

All eggs X

94
Q

Why not use higher temp enzymes (2)

A

Denatured

Shape not fit stain

95
Q

How someone can be carrier of CF (2)

A

CF allele recessive

Carrier only one CF gene

96
Q

Why only need one parent have HD for child to get (1)

A

HD dominant allele

97
Q

How make sure heat from la,p not affect RoP (1)

A

Water bath

98
Q

Describe structure of leaf and function of tissues (6)

A

Epidermis cover plant, no chloroplasts allow light penetrate
Mesophyll photosynthesise
Phloem xylem transport
Cuticle decrease water loss
Stomata guard cell allow CO2 in O2 out control water loss
Palisade many chloroplasts trap light near to of leaf to receive more light
Spongy air spaces for rapid movement of gases

99
Q

Effect trypsin has in baby food (2)

A

Break down food
Form protein into aa
Runnier

100
Q

One use of enzyme in industry (2)

A

Carbohydrase starch into sugar make syrup
Lipase fats into fatty acids removal of grease stains
Isomerase glucose into fructose slimming foods
Protease pre difest baby foods

101
Q

How ribosomes and mitochondria help cell make enzymes (3)

A

Ribosomes make proteins
Using aa
Mitochondria provide energy for process

103
Q

Why important gametes have half chromosomes (2)

A

Fertilisation

Original no 46

104
Q

Why more light increase RoP (2)

A

More energy available

For growth

105
Q

Dominant allele (1)

A

Allele expressed even when other allele present

106
Q

How sample valid (2)

A

Quadrat

Randomly placed

107
Q

Advantage stem cell from adult cell (1)

A

From self no rejection

Skin cell more accessible

108
Q

Product of protein digestion (1)

A

Aa

109
Q

What enzyme digests protein (1)

A

Protease

110
Q

How get more accurate value of pH (2)

A

Repeat

Using smaller intervals between pH 1 and 3

111
Q

Why no change of length enzyme (2)

A

Denatured

Cannot fit substrate

112
Q

Acid in stomach (1)

A

Hydrochloric

113
Q

Importance diffusion in animals and plants

Examples (6)

A 
I
Take in substances for use in cell processes
Products from cell processes removed
E
Respiration O2 in Co2 out
Photo vice versa
Food molecules absorbed glucose aa
Water absorption large and roots
Water lost from leaves
Mineral ions absorbed by roots
Description
Movement of particles
Through partially permeable membrane
Down con gradient
114
Q

Process make lactic acid (1)

A

Anaerobic

115
Q

Why more lactic acid needed when run faster (3)

A

More energy needed
Not enough O2 can be supplied to muscles
So more anaerobic to supply extra energy

116
Q

Why advantage to give ions in plants (1)

A

Can supply correct nutrients

117
Q

How put bubbles in ion solution help roots stay alive (3)

A

Provide O2
For aerobic
Which supplies energy for roots

118
Q

Why regular intervals not random (2)

A

To get data about position of seaweed

In relation to distance from sea

119
Q

How improve to ensure validity (2)

A

Repeat several times

Elsewhere along shore

120
Q

How floating increase survive (2)

A

Gets more ought

For photo

121
Q

Fertilised egg form embryo by what cell division (1)

A

Mitosis

122
Q

Genetic material made up of large molecules of what chemical substance (1)

A

DNA

123
Q

Why soft bodies make it hard for scientists (2)

A

Lack of fossils

Soft parts decay

124
Q

Reasons why did not mate (2)

A

Not attractive
Nt mating season
Same sex

125
Q

Species (2)

A

Organisms that can interbreed

Successfully

126
Q

Where aerobic happen (1)

A

Mitochondria

Biology (10 decks)

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