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Unit B > B3 Ollie > Flashcards

B3 Ollie Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation

A

General Dilution Ventilation :
The introduction of fresh air in order to dilute airborne contaminants to a safe level
Local Exhaust Ventilation :
A system of removing contaminated air close to the point of production

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2
Q

General Dilution Ventilation

A 
Natural ventilation:
Flow of fresh air
Mechanical/force d ventilation:
Mechanical supply needed to:
Provide oxygen for breathing
Remove excess heat
Dilute and remove odour
Dilute and remove workplace contaminants (harmful to health and flammable)
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3
Q

Dilution Ventilation (1)

A 
Low toxicity
Multiple s ources
Low concentrations
Steady and low rate of release
Workers are positioned at 90 degrees to airflow Must not interfere with airflow to LEV systems
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4
Q

Dilution Ventilation (2)

A

Must control exposure to below the WEL
Must maintain flammable sources to 10% of the LEL Not practicable to extract at source
Not dust
Heat loss not a problem

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5
Q

Dilution Ventilation - Advantages

A

Advantages:
Quick and simple
Cheap to install and run Few moving parts to service Failures are obvious

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6
Q

Dilution Ventilation - Dis-advantages

A 
Disadvantages:
Causes uncomfortable draughts
Air flow may be uncontrolled
Positive pressurisation may occur
Only suitable for nuisance contaminants Benefit is not universal
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7
Q

Dilution Ventilation -Design

A

Rate of emission of chemical contaminant
Size of the workroom
General ventilation rates (8-36l/s ec/occupant) Seas onal changes
Poor mixing/airflow/pockets of stagnation Workers located downstream of contaminant Maintenance

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8
Q

LEV - Design

A

The size,shape and position of the source
The physical nature of the contaminant
The speed and direction of the contaminant
The rate of generation of the contaminant
The nature of the operation which generates the contaminant The position of the plant or machine operator
Local air movement due to general ventilation

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9
Q

Types of LEV Hood

A 
Enclos ing (Partial/full enclosure)
Receiving (Receptor hoods – canopy hoods and others ) Capturing (Captor hoods)
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10
Q

Receptor Hoods

A

Be big enough to receive the contaminant Emptied as fas t as it’s filled
As near to the process and source as possible As enclosing as possible
Shielded from draughts

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11
Q

Captor Hoods

A

Fixed, movable, low volume high velocity (LVHV)
Hood has to generate sufficient airflow at and around the source to capture and draw in the contaminant-laden air
Capture velocity:
Air velocity required to capture contaminant
Face velocity:
Air velocity at face of hood
Capture zone:
Area around hood where air velocity is sufficient

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12
Q

Capture Hoods - Maximising Performance

A

Maximise enclosure
Hood design - flanges
Capture zone must include working zone Training of operatives
Testing/trying using smoke tubes and pellets

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13
Q

Ductwork

A

Airflow (duct velocity) sufficient to keep particles
suspended Robust
Changes in direction kept to a minimum
Smooth junctions
Access points for cleaning May be flexible
Airflow must be balanced

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14
Q

Air Cleaners

A

Air filters (HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Air) Particulate dust and fume collectors
Devices to remove mists , gas es and vapours Needed because:
Harmful nature of contaminants Air recirculation Environmental considerations

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15
Q

Bag Filters

A

Fabric filter with shaker Hole in filter
Wrong filter
Shaker failure
Wet material

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16
Q

Electrostatic Precipitator

A

Very effective on oil must Potential for fires

Casing prone to corrosion

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17
Q

Fans -General

A

Centrifugal or axial
Selectiondepends on:
Airflow Resistance Contaminant Space Flammability Noise

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18
Q

Fans - Centrifugal

A

Good for high resistance

Often used for smaller volumes Backward curved blades are better

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19
Q

Fans -Axial

A

Cased axial
Belt driven axial
Bifurcated axial (least efficient but useful for flammable and corrosive materials)
Good for high volume low resistance air movement as in general ventilation.

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20
Q

Flue/Stack

A

Sufficient dis tance from air inlet
Design to avoid entry of water/vermin
Environmental cons iderations
Standards of emissions s et by Environment Agency/Local Authority Permit maybe required under The Environmental Permitting Regulations /Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations

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21
Q

Monitoring and Maintenance of Controls - COSHH Regulation 9

A

Plant and equipment in good repair, efficient state LEV every 14 months

22
Q

Monitoring and Maintenance of Control Measures - LEV Requirements

A 
LEV every 14 months
Weekly check (ACOP):
Ensure LEVis always on
Observe condition of booth
Observe visible ducting/dampers
Observe evidence of failure e.g. odour, deposits 
Observe any pressure/flow device
Undertake minor service work e.g. filter bins Records
23
Q

Monitoring and Maintenance of Control Measures - Thorough Examination and Test

A

Examiner s hould refer to:
LEV system commissioning report
The LEV us er manual
The log book for the system
The previous LEV s ys tem s tatutory report
Confirmation that there have been no changes to the LEV, layout or process since the last test

24
Q

Thorough Examination and Test - Stages

A

Stage 1:
A thorough visual examination to verify the LEV is in efficient working order, in good repair and in a clean condition

Stage 2:
Measuring and examining the technical performance to check conformity with commissioning data

Stage 3:
Assessment to check the control of worker exposure
is adequate

25
Pitot Static Tubes -PressureTest
Glass /steel tubes consisting of two concentric tubes Positioned in ductwork facing direction of airflow The device deduces the airs peed by measuring the pressure rise (velocity pressure) caused by the airflow Pressure exerted at holes in sides of the tube can be used to measure static pressure
26
Rotating Vane Anemometer - Face Velocities
Connected to meter Lose precision below 0.25m/s Some intrinsically safe Do not touch vanes Not suitable for ducts or narrow openings Several readings taken at hood face and average taken
27
Hot Wire Anemometer - Face Velocities
As the air moves over the heated wire, the wire cools The amount of cooling is proportional to the airs peed, and this is calculated electronically No use in flammable atmospheres Require regular calibration Windshield must be exactly aligned with airflow
28
Assess Control Effectiveness
Challenge tests with smoke with the process running, to check for smoke leakage, eddying and breathing zone encroachment Dust lamp tests with the process running to check for escape of dust or mist Observation of the way operators work,whether they are using the methods specified and whether these methods are sustainable
29
Test Records
Name and address of employer Identification of LEV and process Date of last test Test conditions LEV design performance Method of test Equipment used Date of test Name and signature of tester Details of any necessary repairs Kept for 5years
30
Selection of PPE (1)
Nature of the hazard Duration and frequency of use Other risks from work activity Compatibility Ergonomic considerations Communication requirements Maintenance and storage Training required
31
Selection of PPE (2)
``` Fit and comfort Pers onal choice/employee acceptance Ethnic/religious considerations Pers onal fitnes s levels Durability of the PPE Cost British standards (BCE markings) ```
32
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 - Requirements
Application Provision of PPE Compatibility Assessment Maintenance and replacement Accommodation Information, Instruction and Training Use of PPE Reporting Loss or Defect
33
Protection
``` Solid particles Chemical splash Gases and vapours Molten metal Non ionising radiations Glare Spectacles Goggles Face shields ```
34
Hand Protection
``` Cuts and abrasions Temperature Vibration Irritation and dermatitis Toxic and corrosives ```
35
Hand Protection - Types
Natural rubber: Not suitable for solvents , strong acids or alkali Nitrile: Not suitable for strong acids or alkali Neoprene: Can be used for strong alkali
36
Hand Protection - Considerations
Factors to consider: Breakthrough times Penetration Degradation ``` Possible problems: Sensitisation Sweating Lack of touch Lack of dexterity ```
37
Barrier Creams
Limited protection and information available Workers may not apply them properly, leaving part of their skin uncovered Variation in application Protection may be removed while working without workers noticing Suncream
38
Whole Body Protection
Low risk - lab coats Chemical High visibility Mechanical - kevlar Temperature
39
Respiratory Protective Equipment - Considerations
``` Oxygen level Substances present Hazardous effects Form Concentration WELs Additional hazards Length of wear Decontamination Face fit ```
40
Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Concentration of contaminant outside face-piece divided by Concentration of contaminant inside face-piece: Simple ratios o no units Level of respiratory protection that can realistically be achieved by 95% of trained wearers Based on survey of 10samples in lab Gives measure of efficiency of RPE Higher the RPE, better efficiency
41
Minimum Protection Required (MPR)
Concentration of contaminant outside face-piece divided by the prescribed WEL WEL is maximum allowed In practice give allowance of twice the MPR
42
Types of RPE
Respirators Filter contaminated air - not suitable for oxygen deficient atmospheres Breathing apparatus Independent air supply
43
Types of RPE-Respirators
Filtering face-pieces Half-mask respirators with replaceable filters Full-face mask respirator with replaceable filters Power assisted respirators with replaceable filters
44
Filtering Face-pieces
Particles and aerosols Standard: EN149: 2001 FFP1 – APF of 4 FFP2 – APF of 10 FFP3 – APF of 20
45
Particle Filters
Particle filters not suitable for gas es Marked P1,P2,P3 – white in colour P1 low efficiency/P3 high efficiency TH for powered respirators TM for hoods Change daily/hard to breathe through/damage Expiry dates
46
Gas/VapourFilters
Class 1(lowcapacity)toClass 3(highcapacity) Colour coded for different substances e.g. inorganic gases and vapours – grey Also marked for powered respirators (THor TM) Change filters as instructed by the manufacturer, e.g. single us e only or 50 hours /damaged/contaminant tested Generally gas filters last longer than particle filters Expiry dates
47
Combined Filters
Markings for particles and vapours e.g. A2P3 — organic vapour filter with capacity class 2 and high efficiency particle filter
48
RPE - APF Values
``` Filtering Facepiece: 4-20 Half Mask:4-20 Full Face Mask:4-40 Air fedvisor:10-40 Compressed airline mask: 10-100 SC Breathing Apparatus : 40-2000 ```
49
Breathing Apparatus
``` Separateair supply Fresh air hoses Compressed air line Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) Escape sets ```
50
Face Fit
Filtering face-piece – qualitative Half masks , full face masks – quantitative Testing required by COSHH/CLAW/CAW ACOPs Qualitative test – taste Not needed for hoods /helmets /visor/blouses
51
Face Fit - Quantitative
Particle counting tes t (e.g. Portacount Plus ) Negative pressure device ``` Numerical value: required Full facemasks:2000 Half masks:100 Filtering facepieces:100 Competence: Fit 2Fit RPE Fit Tes tProviders Accreditation Scheme ```
52
RPE - Inspection and Maintenance
COSHH Reg 8: Test at suitable intervals Thorough examination normally once per month At least once every three months Visual examination all parts - straps , face pieces , filters Records kept; 5 years Air quality BA every three months

Unit B (20 decks)

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