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Biology GCSE AQA > B3 - Infection And Response > Flashcards

B3 - Infection And Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganism that enter the body and cause disease

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2
Q

What are the four types of pathogen?

A

Bacteria, viruses, protists and fungi

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3
Q

How small are bacteria cells compared to our body cells?

A

1/100th of the size of our body cells

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4
Q

How do bacteria make us feel ill?

A

They produce toxins that damage cells and tissues

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5
Q

How small are viruses compared to bacteria?

A

1/100th the size of a bacterium

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6
Q

How do viruses make us feel ill?

A

They invade our cells and replicate themselves using our cell’s machinery. When there is lots of them, the cells will burst and this cell damage makes us feel ill

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7
Q

Are protists eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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8
Q

What is the most common type of protist?

A

Parasites

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9
Q

What do parasites do?

A

They live on an organism called a vector which doesn’t get the diseased. Then it is transferred to the victim organism and lives either in or on and causes damage

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10
Q

Name a vector.

A

Insects, rats

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11
Q

How many cells do most protists have?

A

One

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12
Q

What are the two structures that fungi can come in?

A

Single-called or thread-like hyphae

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13
Q

How do hyphae fungi spread?

A

Producing spores

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14
Q

How do hyphae fungi get into organism to cause disease?

A

They can penetrate surfaces of skin and plants

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15
Q

What are the three main ways pathogens can be spread?

A

Water, air, contact

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16
Q

What are the three viral diseases you have to know about?

A

Measles, HIV and the Tobacco Mosaic Virus

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17
Q

How is measles spread?

A

Air - droplets when the infected sneeze or cough

18
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

Rash, fever

19
Q

What two things can measles lead to that makes it a potentially fatal disease?

A

Pneumonia and the brain infection encephalitis

20
Q

How is measles generally prevented in Britain?

A

NHS vaccinations for young children and babies

21
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

Exchanging bodily fluids

22
Q

What are the symptoms of HIV?

A

Flu-like

23
Q

What type of cells does the HIV virus attack and damage?

A

Immune system cells

24
Q

What happens if the HIV virus badly affects someone’s immune system?

A

They cannot cope with other infections or diseases properly

25
Q

What is HIV known as in its more serious, later stages?

A

AIDS

26
Q

What does the Tobacco Mosaic Virus affect?

A

Plants

27
Q

What are the symptoms of TMV?

A

A discoloured mosaic pattern on the leaves

28
Q

What the discolouration mean for the plant?

A

Photosynthesis, and therefore growth, is badly affected

29
Q

What is the fungal disease you have to know about?

A

Rose black spot

30
Q

What does rose black spot affect?

A

Rose plants

31
Q

How does rose black spot spread?

A

Water or by wind

32
Q

What are the symptoms of rose black spot?

A

Purple or black spots on leaves, then leaves turn yellow and fall off

33
Q

What the discolouration of the leaves during rose black spot mean for the plant?

A

Photosynthesis, and therefore growth, is affected badly

34
Q

How is rose black spot treated by farmers? (2)

A

Fungicides, or cutting off and destroying infected leaves on a plant

35
Q

What is the protist disease that you have to know about?

A

Malaria

36
Q

What is the vector for malaria?

A

Mosquitos

37
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

Episodes of fever

38
Q

How can malaria be prevented?

A

Insecticides, mosquito nets

39
Q

What are the two bacterial diseases you need to know about?

A

Salmonella and gonorrhoea

40
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

Food

41
Q

How does food get the salmonella bacteria?

A

Either by catching it when alive in meat, or by being kept in unhygienic conditions

42
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

A

Fever, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea

Biology GCSE AQA (5 decks)

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