B3 Infection and response Flashcards
What are pathogens
Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
What are the pathogens
Viruses, bacteria, protists, fungi
How do you bacteria make you feel ill
They produced toxins that damage your cells and tissues
How’s the viruses make you feel ill
They live and reproduce inside your body cells and burst releasing all the Viruses-The cell damage is what makes you feel well
What are the three viral diseases
Measles, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus
How are measles spread and how can I be prevented
Weasel spread by droplets from an infected person sneeze or cough
, most people are vaccinated against measles when they young
Measles come later pneumonia Brain infection – this occurs when there are complications
How is HIV spread and how can it be prevented And what does it do
Spread via sexual contact or by exchanging bodily fluids
It can be prevented via protection
H I V attacks the immune cells where I can no longer deal with other diseases or infections
What does tobacco mosaic virus do and what is it
It affects plants by leaving a mosaic pattern and causing them to discolour
Affect the growth of the plant due to the lack of photosynthesis
What are the two bacterial diseases
Salmonella, gonorrhoea
What is salmonella, how can you prevent it. And what does it do
Salmonella is a bacteria that causes food poisoning
Infected people suffer from fever, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea which are caused by the toxins in the bacteria
– this is by eating food with the salmonella bacteria
Most poultry in the UK is given a vaccination against salmonella
What is gonorrhoea, how is it spread, how can you prevent it
Gonorrhoea is a sexually-transmitted disease
It is caused by bacteria passed on by sexual contact
It can be prevented through antibiotics or barrier methods of contraception
What is the fungal disease
Rose blackspot
What is rose black spot, What does it affect, how do you prevent this, how does it spread
Rose blackspot causes black spots to develop on the leaves which means there is less photosynthesis
–
Spread through the wind and in water
It can be prevented by stripping the plant of the affected leaves
What is the protist disease
Malaria
What It is malaria,How does this affect people and how can it be stopped or prevented from being passed on
Malaria lives inside mosquitoes who feed on the animals and pass on to people
It causes repeating episodes of fever
It can be stopped through mosquito nets And by stopping mosquitoes from breeding
How can the spreading of diseases Be reduced or prevented
– Being hygienic
– destroying vectors
– isolating infected individuals
– vaccinations
How does the skin act A defence system against pathogens
It acts as a barrier
How does the nose act as a defence system against pathogens
It has mucus and hairs to trap particles
How does the track you and Bronchi Act as a defence against pathogens
It secretes mucus to trap pathogens and they are lined with cilia
How does the stomach act as a defence system against pathogens
It produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens
What are the three ways the Muse this time deals with pathogens
– It consumes them
– it produces antibodies
– it produce antitoxins
How does the Immune system consume pathogens
The white blood cells and go foreign cells and digest them –This is called phagocytosis
How does producing antibodies fight disease
Pathogens have antigens on the surface – when some types of white blood cells come across a foreign antigen day you will produce proteins called antibodies to lock onto invading cells and so they can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells – that antibodies are specific to the antigen
-Antibodies all then Produced rapidly and carried around the body to find all similar bacteria and viruses
– if a person is infected with the same pathogen again the white blood cells will produce the antibodies again rapidly From the memory cell – they become naturally immune
How do antitoxins fight disease
They counter out toxins produced by the invading bacteria
