B2 Organisation Flashcards
What is the order of the large multi cellular organisms
Cells –Tissue – organs – organ system
What are enzymes
They cause chemical reactions and control them
What is the definition of a catalyst
A substance which increases the speed of reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction
What happens to the enzyme when it’s not the right temperature or pH
PH – if it’s too high or low it interferes with the bonds holding the enzyme together. This changes the shape of the active site and denatures the enzyme
Temperature – this will denature the enzyme and change its active site
What is an active site and substrate
They fit into each other to catalyse a reaction
How do you calculate the rate of reaction
Rate = 1000 / time
What does amylase do
(It’s a type of carbohydrase)
It breaks down starch into maltose
Where is amylase found
The salivary glands
The pancreas
Small intestine
What does protease do
Breaks down proteins into amino acid’s
Where is protease found
In the stomach, pancreas, small intestine
What does lipase do
Converts lipids into glycerone and fatty acid’s
Where is lipase found
In the pancreas and small Intestine
What does bile do
The bile neutralises hydrochloric acid in the stomach because Enzymes in the small intestine prefer alkaline conditions
It also emulsifies fats to give it a large surface area so lipase can work faster
How do you test for sugars
The Benedicks test
-Prepare a food sample and transfer 5 cm³ to the test tube
-Prepare a water bath so it’s set to 75°
– add the Benedicks solution
– put the test tube in the water bath and leave for five minutes
– check the colour to see how much sugar is in this food
What colour will the Benedicks solution go if it contains sugar
It will change from blue to green yellow or Brick Red
How do you test for starch
The iodine solution
– Prepare a Food sample and transfer 5 cm³ of this To the test tube
– add Iodine and shake
– if it changes from brownie orange to black or blue it contains starch
How do you test for proteins
The biuret test
Prepare a sample of your food and transfer 2 cm³ of your sample to a test tube
– add 2 cm³ of biuret at solution and mix it by gently shake on it
-If it contains protein that will change from blue to pink or purple
How do you test for lipids
The Sudan III test
Prepare a sample of the food will transfer 5 cm³ into a test tube
– add three drops of sudan to the test tube and gently shake
If it contains lipids it to separate two layers. The top layer will be bright red
What’s the lungs surrounded by
Plural membranes, rips, intercostal muscles
What is a pacemaker
The right atrium has a group of service which controls your resting heart rate – the cells produce a small electrical impulse
What is the function of an artery
To carry blood away from the heart are high-pressure so the artery walls are strong and elastic, but it has a small lumen, it contains a thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres to allow to
What are the functions of the vein
They carry blood to the heart low-pressure, with thin walls, with a large lumen, with the valves
What are the functions of the capillaries
Arteries Branch out and capillaries which are very small (one cell Thick), They carry blood to be very close to eat so the body to exchange substances with them, their walls allow diffusion in and out
What does a red blood cell do
They carry oxygen, have a large surface area, have no nucleus to carry more oxygen, they have a red pigment called haemoglobin
haemoglobin binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin
