B3 Infection And Response Flashcards
What are pathogens
Pathogens are microorganisms that enter tne body and cause disease.
Pathogens cause
Communicable diseases
Main type of pathogens
Bacteria
Viruses
Protists
Fungi
How can pathogens spread
Water
Air
Direct contact
How can pathogens spread by water -
Some pathogens can be picked up by drinking or bathing in dirty watern
How can pathogens spread by air -
Pathogens can be carried in the air and be breathed in.Some pathogens are carried in the air in droplets made when you cough or sneeze
Pathogens can be spread by direct contact -
Some pathogens can be picked up by touching surfaces they’re on
How can the spread of diseases be reduced
Being hygienic
Destroying vectors
Isolating infected individuals
Vaccination
Baceria reproduce
Rapidly inside your body
Bacteria can make you feel ill by producing
Toxins
Toxins damage your
Cells and tissues
Examples of bacterial diseases
Salmonella and gonorrhoea
Human body has features that stop pathogens getting inside
The skin
Nose hair
Snot
Stomach acids
How does the skin stop pathogens
The skin stops pathogens from getting inside you.It also releases substances that kill pathogens
How do nose hairs stop pathogens
They trap particles that contain pathogens
How does snot stop pathogens
The trachea and bronchi release mucus to trap pathogens
How does stomach acid stop pathogens
The stomach makes hydrocholoric acid.This kills pathogens in the stomach.
If pathogens make it into your body your
Immune system kicks in to destroy them
Phagocytosis
White blood cells engulf pathogens and digest them
Producing antibodies
When a white blood cell comes across a foreign antigen they will make antibodies.These antibodies make sure the pathogens can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells
Producing anti toxins
These stop toxins produced by the invading bacteria from working
