B3 + B4 Flashcards
how can bacteria make us feel ill
they produce toxins that damage your cells and tissues
how does tobacco mosaic virus affect a plants growth
it makes there leaves become discoloured which then means they cant carry out photosynthesis which they need to grow
how are mosquitos involved with the spread of malaria
they carry malaria and then when they bite you they give it on
what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea
pain when they urinate
how can destroying vectors help prevent the spread of disease
because you are getting rid of the organisms that spread it
what does the stomach produce that can kill pathogens
hydrochloric acid
give three ways that white blood cells can defend against pathogens
phagocytosis (engulf and digest)
they can produce antitoxins (they counteracts the toxins)
they can produce antibodies
give 1 pro and 1 con of vaccination
they can control lots of communicable disease
you can have bad reactions to them
why is it difficult to develop drugs that kill viruses without also damaging body tissues
because viruses use our body cells to reproduce
which plant does the pain killer asprin originate from
willow
what two things are drugs tested on in preclinical testing
human cells
human tissues
what is placebo
a substance like another drug that has been tested and doesn’t do anything
where in the plant cell does photosynthesis take place
chloroplasts
what is an endothermic reaction
a reaction where energy is transferred FROM the environment
what is the word equation for photosynthesis
light
carbon dioxide + water ——–> glucose + oxygen
why do some plants store glucose as starch
so it is ready for when photosynthesis isn’t happening (winter when there is no sun)
what is meant by ‘limiting factor’ of photosynthesis
the limit of the rate of photosynthesis
what effect would low carbon dioxide concentration have on the rate of photosynthesis
the rate of photosynthesis will be less
describe how you could measure the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
the number off bubbles given off
in the inverse square law, how are light intensity and distance linked
the further away the light source is the lower the intensity
what is respiration
the process of transferring energy from glucose which goes in every cell
what is an exothermic reaction
a reaction where energy is transferred to the environment
name the products of aerobic respiration
carbon dioxide + water
what is produce by anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
lactic acid
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
glucose ——> ethanol + carbon dioxide
name two products of the food and drink industry that fermentation is needed for
bread
alcohol
give 3 things that increase to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood
heart rate
breathing rate
breathing volume
in what organ is lactic acid converted back into glucose
the liver
