B1

Question 1

name 5 subcellular structures that plant and animal cells have

Answer 1

nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria 
ribosomes

Question 2

what 3 things do plant cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 2

vacuole
cell wall
chloroplasts

Question 3

where is genetic material found in animal cells

Answer 3

in the nucleus

Question 4

where is genetic material found in bacterial cells

Answer 4

in the cytoplasm (it is free floating)

Question 5

what types of organisms are bacteria - prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Answer 5

prokaryotes

Question 6

which gives a higher resolution light microscope or electron microscope

Answer 6

electron microscope

Question 7

what is cell differentiation

Answer 7

process in which a stem cell changes from unspecialised to specialised

Question 7

give 3 ways a sperm cell is adapted for swimming to an egg cell

Answer 7

lots of mitochondria
a long tail
streamlined head

Question 8

what are chromosomes

Answer 8

the part of our DNA which holds our genes

Question 9

what is the cell cycle

Answer 9

the series of stages in the life of a cell

Question 10

what is mitosis used for by multicellular organisms

Answer 10

growth and repair

Question 11

give two ways that embryonic stem cell could be used to cure diseases

Answer 11

they can be used in medicine or for research `

Question 12

why might some people be opposed to the use of human embryos in stem cell research

Answer 12

because they are saying that each one is a potential human life

Question 13

what is diffusion

Answer 13

the net movement of particles from a high to a low concentration

Question 14

name three substances that can diffuse through cell membranes and two that cant

Answer 14

can:
oxygen 
carbon dioxide 
glucose
cant: 
sugar 
amino acids

Question 15

what type of molecules move by osmosis

Answer 15

water molecules

Question 16

give the two main differences between active transport and diffusion

Answer 16

active transport uses ATP (energy)

diffusion is high to low concentration active transport is low to high

Question 17

give three adaptations of exchange surfaces that increase the efficiency of diffusion

Answer 17

large surface area (maximise absorption)
thin barriers (minimise diffusion distance)
good blood supply (maintain high concentration)

Question 18

give two ways that villi in the small intestine are adapted for absorbing digested food

Answer 18

large surface area

great blood supply

Question 19

explain how leaves are adapted to maximise the amount of carbon dioxide that gets into their cells

Answer 19

lots of stomata (carbon dioxide diffuses through stomata)
flat leaf (increases area of its exchange surface)