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Biology > B3 > Flashcards

B3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells with similar structure and function

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2
Q

What are organs?

A

A group of tissues performing specific functions

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3
Q

What does the liver do in the digestive system?

A

Produces bile

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4
Q

What does the stomach do in the digestive system?

A

Breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules

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5
Q

What does the small intestine do in the digestive system?

A

breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules and absorption into blood

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6
Q

What does the large intestine do in the digestive system?

A

absorbs water from undigested food

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7
Q

What do villi do?

A

They increase the surface area of the small intestine because of their shape, so more nutrients can be absorbed

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8
Q

Describe carbohydrates

A
  • provide us with fuel to carry out reactions
  • contains C, H, O and made from units of sugar
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9
Q

Describe lipids

A
  • are fats and oils
  • made up of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
    -efficient energy store in the body and source of energy, role in cell membrane and as hormones
  • different combination of fatty acids determines the nature of lipid
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10
Q

Describe proteins

A
  • used for building up cells and tissues, and enzymes
  • Made up of amino acids
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11
Q

What breaks down carbohydrates/starch?

A

Amylase

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12
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

lipids

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13
Q

What breaks proteins down?

A

Protease

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14
Q

How is digestion made efficient?

A
  • stomach acid kills bacteria and optimum pH for protease
  • bile made in liver neutralises stomach acid
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15
Q

What is emulsification?

A
  • bile breaks down large drops of fat into smaller ones, increasing their surface area
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16
Q

What happens once an enzyme has reached its optimum temperature?

A

Its active site denatures, and the substrate no longer fits the altered shape

17
Q

What effect does a change of pH have on an enzyme?

A
  • If it’s not the optimum, the active site denatures
18
Q

What can enzymes be used for?

A
  • build big molecules from small ones
  • break big molecules into small ones
  • change a molecule into another molecule
19
Q

What are the results of Benedict’s test?

A

blue- light green = little sugar present
blue- brick red = positive result, sugar is present

20
Q

T or F: In Benedict’s test, the sample must be heated

A

True

21
Q

What are the results of Biuret Reagent?

A

Blue-lilac = protein is present

22
Q

What are the results of iodine test?

A

orange - blue/black = starch is present

23
Q

What are the results of ethanol test?

A

milky white emulsion forms in presence of lipid

24
Q

What is a buffer?

A

a solution at a certain pH

Biology (9 decks)

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