B2

Question 1

The Nucleus of a cell contains ____ made of ____

Answer 1

Chromosomes, DNA molecules

Question 2

Each chromosome carries a large number of…

Answer 2

genes <3

Question 3

What is Mitosis?

Answer 3

type of cell division required for growth and repair. It produces 2 identical cells

Question 4

what is stage 1 of cell division?

Answer 4

• DNA replicated and new cell organelles produced (I.e. ribosomes and mitochondria )

Question 5

what is stage 2 of cell division?

Answer 5

Mitosis- 1 set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides

Question 6

what is stage 3 of cell division?

Answer 6

cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical cells

Question 7

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 7

Where a cell becomes specialised by acquiring different sub-cellular structures to enable it to do certain things.

Question 8

Explain the differences and similarities of cell differentiation in plants and animals

Answer 8

• both are process of a cell becoming specialised

animals- early in life, in mature animals it is restricted to repair and replacement
plants- throughout life

Question 9

What is a stem cell?

Answer 9

an undifferentiated cell that can divide to give rise to many more cells of the same type, and from which certain other cells can arise from differentiation

Question 10

what can meristem tissue do?

Answer 10

PLANTS- can differentiate into any type of plant cell, throughout life of the plant. Found tip of shoots and roots

Question 11

what can embryonic stem cells do?

Answer 11

• divide and differentiate from the many different types of specialised cells required in the body
• can be used to treat medical conditions, as they can replace damaged or destroyed cells

Question 12

stem cells from ____ can form many types of cells, for example____

Answer 12

adult bone marrow, blood cells

Question 13

what is a risk of use of stem cells?

Answer 13

transfer of viral infection, ethical or religious objections, embryo cannot give consent

Question 14

Describe the process of therapeutic cloning

Answer 14

• a body cell is removed from a patient and an egg cell is taken from a donor
• the nucleus is removed from the (donor) egg cell and discarded
• the nucleus is taken from the patient’s cell
• the nucleus is transferred to the donor cell
• the resulting embryo is stimulated to divide
• the embryo is cultured for 4-5 days
• stem cells can then be removed and cultured

Question 15

What happens to chromosomes during mitosis?

Answer 15

They replicate, and then the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and one set is pulled to each end of the cell