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IBI Test 3 > B3-047 Hypoproliferative Anemia > Flashcards

B3-047 Hypoproliferative Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

causes of hypoproliferative anemia

A

bone marrow failure
bone marrow infiltration/replacement
nutritional deficiency
anemia of chronic disease
myelodysplastic syndrome

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2
Q

myeloid stem cell disorder due to marrow hypoplasia or pancytopenia

A

aplastic anemia

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3
Q

clinical features of aplastic anemia

A

anemia
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia

**no spelnomegaly

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4
Q

pathogenesis of aplastic anemia

A

primary stem cell abnormality
immune mediated stem cell destruction

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5
Q

genetic factors for aplastic anemia cause the potential for

A

additional mutations/ acute myeloid leukemia

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6
Q

etiology of aplastic anemia

A

immunologic
environmental
genetic

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7
Q

pathology of blood in aplastic anemia

A

pancytopenia
normochromic, normocytic RBCs
no poikilocytes
reticulocytopenia

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8
Q

pathology of bone marrow in aplastic anemia

A

hypocellular
decreased hematopoiesis
increased marrow fat

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9
Q
A

aplastic anemia

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10
Q

treatment: aplastic anemia

A

supportive transfusions
immunosuppression
androgens
hematopoietic stem cell transplant

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11
Q

prognosis: aplastic anemia

A

1 year without treatment

75% 5 year survival with successful transplant

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12
Q

disorder of erythroid progenitor cell causing decreased erythropoiesis

A

pure red cell aplasia

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13
Q

clinical features of pure red cell aplasia

A

anemia

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14
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome causing pure red cell aplasia

A

thymoma

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15
Q

viral infection causing pure red cell aplasia

A

parvovirus B19

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16
Q

other causes of pure red cell aplasia

A

drugs, autoimmune

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17
Q

pathology of blood pure red cell aplasia

A

normochromic, normocytic anemia, no poikilocytes
reticulocytopenia

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18
Q

pathology of bone marrow pure red cell aplasia

A

markedly decreased erythroid precursors
intranuclear inclusions in erythroblasts in parvo19 infection

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19
Q
A

pure red cell aplasia

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20
Q

treatment: pure red cell aplasia

A

thymectomy
plasmapheresis
androgens
supportive transfusions

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21
Q

prognosis: pure red cell aplasia

A

10 years without treatment

50% spontaneous remission
50% cure rate with thymectomy

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22
Q

decreased erythropoiesis die to bone marrow infiltration or replacement

A

myelophthisic anemia

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23
Q

clinical features: myelophthisic anemia

A

anemia
features of underlying disease

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24
Q

pathogenesis of myelophthisic anemia

A

metastatic cancer
fibrosis
hematopoietic neoplasms

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25
blood pathology: myelophthisic anemia
normochromic, normocytic anemia teardrop erythrocytes circulating nulceated RBCs granulocytic left shift reticulocytopenia
26
bone marrow pathology: myelophthisic anemia
replacements of normal elements
27
myelophthisic anemia
28
macrocytic anemia due to deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid
megaloblastic anemia
29
deficiency of B12 and folic acids impairs
DNA synthesis due to defective thymidine synthesis
30
causes of B12 deficiency
vegan diet impaired absorption
31
causes of impaired absorption of B12
intrinsic factor deficiency (pernicious anemia, gastrectomy) malabsorption ileal resection bacterial overgrowth in blind loops fish tapeworm infection
32
causes of folic acid deficiency
decreased intake (diet, alcoholism) impaired absorption increased loss increased requirement impaired utilization (folic acid antagonists)
33
causes of impaired absorption of folic acid
malabsorption intestinal disease anticonvulsants, oral contraceptives
34
causes of increased folic acid requirement
pregnancy infancy disseminated cancer increased hematopoiesis
35
clinical features: megaloblastic anemia
anemia neurologic deficits (B12 only)
36
vitamin B12 deficiency causes [neurologic deficits]
demyelination of dorsal and lateral spinal tracts spastic paraparesis, sensory ataxia, severe parathesia
37
periventricular white matter degeneration B12 deficiency
38
posterior column of spinal cord degeneration B12 deficiency
39
pathology: megaloblastic anemia
macrocytic anemia hypersegmented neutrophils megaloblastic hematopoietic precursors
40
macro-ovalocyte megaloblastic anemia
41
megaloblastic erythroblasts in bone marrow
42
hypersegmented neutrophils megaloblastic anemia
43
vitamin B12 deficiency causes brain and spinal cord
demyelination
44
vitamin B12 deficiency causes _______________________ in pernicious anemia
intrinsic factor antibodies
45
vitamin B12 deficiency causes intrinsic factor antibodies in _____________
pernicious anemia
46
in megaloblastic anemia serum B12 is [low/high]
low
47
in megaloblastic anemia serum methylmalonic acid is [high/low]
high
48
in megaloblastic anemia, serum homocysteine is [high/low]
high
49
in megaloblastic anemia, serum and RBC folate is [high/low]
low
50
treatment: megaloblastic anemia
parenteral or oral B12 oral folic acid
51
high dose folic acid supplementation can improve anemia in vitamin B12 deficiency, but will cause
exacerbated neurological defects
52
markedly reduced cellularity, most space occupied by fat
aplastic anemia
53
hypocellularity is characteristic of
aplastic anemia
54
the bone marrow in megaloblastic and autoimmune hemolytic anemia would show
hypercellularity
55
ACD is associated with a ....... reticulocyte count
low
56
hemolytic or anemias due to blood loss would show a ......... reticulocyte count
high
57
normocytic anemia with decreased reticulocyte count
hypoproliferative anemia
58
most common cause of iron deficient anemia in US is
chronic blood loss
59
most common cause of IDA worldwide
poor dietary intake
60
elevated homocysteine
folic acid deficiency
61
elevated serum methymalonic acid
B12 deficiency | parenteral B12
62
elevated serum methymalonic acid
B12 deficiency | parenteral B12
63
increased levels of hepcidin lead to
decreased absorption of iron from enterocyte into blood
64
most iron in the body is present in
blood | hemoglobin

IBI Test 3 (20 decks)

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