B3-034 Introduction to RBC Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
primary growth factor involved in erythropoiesis
A
erythropoietin
2
Q
erythroids have a _________ maturation time
A
7 days
3
Q
during erythroid maturation, the nucleus becomes
A
smaller and darker until it is dissolved
4
Q
during erythroid maturation, the cytoplasm becomes
A
more pink
5
Q
round, biconcave disks with central pallor
anucleate
eosinophilic cytoplasm
A
erythrocytes
6
Q
oxygen transport
A
erythrocytes
7
Q
total number of erythrocytes
A
RBC
8
Q
total amount of hemoglobin
A
Hgb
9
Q
proportion of blood occupied by RBCs
A
Hct
10
Q
mean RBC volume/size
-cytic
A
MCV
11
Q
average amount of hemoglobin in each RBC
A
MCH
12
Q
average amount of hemoglobin per RBC volume
-chromic
A
MCHC
13
Q
variation in RBC size
A
RDW
14
Q
variation in size
A
anisocytosis
15
Q
variation in shape
A
poikilocytosis
16
Q
variation in size and shape
A
anisopoikilocytosis
17
Q
immature RBCs containing residual RNA
A
reticulocyte
**aka polychromatic erythrocyte
18
Q
circulating time of reticulocytes [increase/decreases] in anemia
A
increases
19
Q
reticulocytes survive for _______ before becoming mature RBC
A
1 day
20
Q
correlate with bone marrow erythropoietic activity
A
reticulocytes
21
Q
low count of reticulocytes indicates
A
decreased RBC production
22
Q
high count of reticulocytes indicates
A
increased RBC production
23
Q
normal range of reticulocytes
A
.5-1.5% of total RBCs
24
Q
measurements of anemia
A
Hgb, Hct, RBC
25
low total body red cell mass
anemia
26
clinical features of anemia
pallor of skin, nail beds, buccal mucosa
fatigue, weakness, malaise
dyspnea on exertion
syncope, headaches, visual disturbances
tachycardia
angina
cardiac failure
27
caused by inadequate or ineffective production
hypoproliferative anemia
28
causes of inadequate production in hypoproliferative anemia
bone marrow failure
bone marrow infiltration/replacement
nutritional deficiency
anemia of chronic disease
29
causes of ineffective production in hypoproliferative anemia
myelodysplastic syndromes
30
caused by blood loss or sequestration
anemia of blood loss
31
sequestration causes
splenomegaly
32
anemia of blood loss can be
acute or chronic
33
sickle cell is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]
intrinsic inherited
34
hemoglobinopathy
sickle cell
35
thalassemia is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]
intrinsic inherited
36
membrane abnormality
hereditary spherocytosis
37
hereditary sphereocytosis is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]
intrinsic inherited
38
RBC enzyme defects
G6PD deficiency
39
G6PD deficiency is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]
intrinsic inherited
40
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]
intrinsic acquired
41
people with proxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria are predisposed to
cancer
42
autoimmune hemolytic anemia is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]
extrinsic aquired
43
traumatic hemolytic anemia is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]
extrinsic acquired
44
infection related anemia is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]
extrinsic aquired
45
malaria can cause
anemia due to infection
46
prosthetic cardiac valves can cause
anemia due to traumatic hemolysis
47
defect in RBC itself
intrinsic
48
defect/problem outside of RBC
extrinsic
49
RBC breakdown with massive release of free hemoglobin in circulation
intravascular
**malaria, babesia, complement activation
50
RBC breakdown in the reticuloendothelial system cells with capture of hemoglobin
extravascular
51
in extravascular hemolysis haptoglobin is [increased/decreased]
decreased or normal
52
in intravascular hemolysis haptoglobin is [increased/decreased]
decreased
53
in extravascular hemolysis serum free hemoglobin is [absent/present]
absent
54
in intravascular hemolysis serum free hemoglobin is [absent/present]
present
55
in intravascular hemolysis urine hemoglobin is [absent/present]
present
56
in extravascular hemolysis urine hemoglobin is [absent/present]
absent
57
hemolytic anemia has the same general features of anemia, with _________ &__________
jaundice and gallstones
maybe splenomegaly if extravascular
58
circulating iron available for use
serum iron
59
iron transport protein
transferrin
60
serum iron/TIBC
percent saturation
61
marker of stored iron
ferritin
62
differential for microcytic anemia
iron deficiency
anemia of chronic disease
thalassemia
63
serum iron is [increased or decreased]
iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:
serum iron
iron deficiency: decreased
anemia of chronic disease: normal or decreased
thalassemia: normal
64
transferrin/TIBC is [increased or decreased]
iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:
transferrin/TIBC
iron deficiency: increased
anemia of chronic disease: normal
thalassemia: normal
65
% saturation is [increased or decreased]
iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:
% saturation
iron deficiency: decreased
anemia of chronic disease: normal/decreased
thalassemia: normal
66
ferritin is [increased or decreased]
iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:
ferritin
iron deficiency: decreased
anemia of chronic disease: normal/increased
thalassemia: normal or increased
67
soluble transferrin receptor is [increased or decreased]
iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:
soluble transferrin receptor
iron deficiency: increased
anemia of chronic disease: normal
thalassemia: normal
68
differential for macrocytic anemia
megaloblastic anemia
myelodysplasia
drugs
hypothyroidism
69
megaloblastic anemia can be caused by what vitamin deficiencies
vitamin B12
folate
70
differential for macrocytic anemia
megaloblastic anemia
myelodysplastic syndromes
hypothyroidism
71
differential for microcytic anemia
IDA
ACD
thalassemia
72
most common cause of iron deficiency in US
chronic blood loss
| GI, GU, or GYN tract
73
chronic renal disease would cause which type of anemia?
ACD
74
deficiency of intrinsic factor causes
B12 deficiency, megaloblastic anemia
75
in thalassemia, serum ferritin and iron are
normal
76
increased LDH indicates
hemolytic anemia
77
in hemolytic anemia, serum free haptoglobin is
decreased
78
in hemolytic anemia, breakdown of hemoglobin leads to increased bilirubin. this causes
jaundice, gallstones
79
decreased serum iron
decreased ferritin
increased serum transferrin
increased TIBC
IDA
80
low MCV
low MCH
low MCHC
low Hgb
low Hct
low RBCs
IDA
81
increased RDW
IDA
82
normal bone marrow contains ...% of erythroid cells
15-30%
83
thalassemia has a ...... RDW
normal
84
iron therapy stimulates
erythropoeisis, increasing the reticulocyte count
85
helpful tests in establishing hemolysis as cause of anemia
LDH, haptoglobin, bilirubin
