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IBI Test 3 > B3-034 Introduction to RBC Disorders > Flashcards

B3-034 Introduction to RBC Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

primary growth factor involved in erythropoiesis

A

erythropoietin

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2
Q

erythroids have a _________ maturation time

A

7 days

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3
Q

during erythroid maturation, the nucleus becomes

A

smaller and darker until it is dissolved

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4
Q

during erythroid maturation, the cytoplasm becomes

A

more pink

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5
Q

round, biconcave disks with central pallor
anucleate
eosinophilic cytoplasm

A

erythrocytes

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6
Q

oxygen transport

A

erythrocytes

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7
Q

total number of erythrocytes

A

RBC

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8
Q

total amount of hemoglobin

A

Hgb

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9
Q

proportion of blood occupied by RBCs

A

Hct

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10
Q

mean RBC volume/size
-cytic

A

MCV

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11
Q

average amount of hemoglobin in each RBC

A

MCH

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12
Q

average amount of hemoglobin per RBC volume
-chromic

A

MCHC

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13
Q

variation in RBC size

A

RDW

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14
Q

variation in size

A

anisocytosis

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15
Q

variation in shape

A

poikilocytosis

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16
Q

variation in size and shape

A

anisopoikilocytosis

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17
Q

immature RBCs containing residual RNA

A

reticulocyte

**aka polychromatic erythrocyte

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18
Q

circulating time of reticulocytes [increase/decreases] in anemia

A

increases

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19
Q

reticulocytes survive for _______ before becoming mature RBC

A

1 day

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20
Q

correlate with bone marrow erythropoietic activity

A

reticulocytes

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21
Q

low count of reticulocytes indicates

A

decreased RBC production

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22
Q

high count of reticulocytes indicates

A

increased RBC production

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23
Q

normal range of reticulocytes

A

.5-1.5% of total RBCs

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24
Q

measurements of anemia

A

Hgb, Hct, RBC

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25
Q

low total body red cell mass

A

anemia

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26
Q

clinical features of anemia

A

pallor of skin, nail beds, buccal mucosa
fatigue, weakness, malaise
dyspnea on exertion
syncope, headaches, visual disturbances
tachycardia
angina
cardiac failure

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27
Q

caused by inadequate or ineffective production

A

hypoproliferative anemia

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28
Q

causes of inadequate production in hypoproliferative anemia

A

bone marrow failure
bone marrow infiltration/replacement
nutritional deficiency
anemia of chronic disease

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29
Q

causes of ineffective production in hypoproliferative anemia

A

myelodysplastic syndromes

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30
Q

caused by blood loss or sequestration

A

anemia of blood loss

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31
Q

sequestration causes

A

splenomegaly

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32
Q

anemia of blood loss can be

A

acute or chronic

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33
Q

sickle cell is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]

A

intrinsic inherited

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34
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

sickle cell

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35
Q

thalassemia is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]

A

intrinsic inherited

36
Q

membrane abnormality

A

hereditary spherocytosis

37
Q

hereditary sphereocytosis is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]

A

intrinsic inherited

38
Q

RBC enzyme defects

A

G6PD deficiency

39
Q

G6PD deficiency is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]

A

intrinsic inherited

40
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]

A

intrinsic acquired

41
Q

people with proxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria are predisposed to

A

cancer

42
Q

autoimmune hemolytic anemia is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]

A

extrinsic aquired

43
Q

traumatic hemolytic anemia is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]

A

extrinsic acquired

44
Q

infection related anemia is [intrinsic/extrinsic] and [inherited/acquired]

A

extrinsic aquired

45
Q

malaria can cause

A

anemia due to infection

46
Q

prosthetic cardiac valves can cause

A

anemia due to traumatic hemolysis

47
Q

defect in RBC itself

A

intrinsic

48
Q

defect/problem outside of RBC

A

extrinsic

49
Q

RBC breakdown with massive release of free hemoglobin in circulation

A

intravascular

**malaria, babesia, complement activation

50
Q

RBC breakdown in the reticuloendothelial system cells with capture of hemoglobin

A

extravascular

51
Q

in extravascular hemolysis haptoglobin is [increased/decreased]

A

decreased or normal

52
Q

in intravascular hemolysis haptoglobin is [increased/decreased]

A

decreased

53
Q

in extravascular hemolysis serum free hemoglobin is [absent/present]

A

absent

54
Q

in intravascular hemolysis serum free hemoglobin is [absent/present]

A

present

55
Q

in intravascular hemolysis urine hemoglobin is [absent/present]

A

present

56
Q

in extravascular hemolysis urine hemoglobin is [absent/present]

A

absent

57
Q

hemolytic anemia has the same general features of anemia, with _________ &__________

A

jaundice and gallstones

maybe splenomegaly if extravascular

58
Q

circulating iron available for use

A

serum iron

59
Q

iron transport protein

A

transferrin

60
Q

serum iron/TIBC

A

percent saturation

61
Q

marker of stored iron

A

ferritin

62
Q

differential for microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency
anemia of chronic disease
thalassemia

63
Q

serum iron is [increased or decreased]

iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:

A

serum iron

iron deficiency: decreased
anemia of chronic disease: normal or decreased
thalassemia: normal

64
Q

transferrin/TIBC is [increased or decreased]

iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:

A

transferrin/TIBC

iron deficiency: increased
anemia of chronic disease: normal
thalassemia: normal

65
Q

% saturation is [increased or decreased]

iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:

A

% saturation

iron deficiency: decreased
anemia of chronic disease: normal/decreased
thalassemia: normal

66
Q

ferritin is [increased or decreased]

iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:

A

ferritin

iron deficiency: decreased
anemia of chronic disease: normal/increased
thalassemia: normal or increased

67
Q

soluble transferrin receptor is [increased or decreased]

iron deficiency:
anemia of chronic disease:
thalassemia:

A

soluble transferrin receptor

iron deficiency: increased
anemia of chronic disease: normal
thalassemia: normal

68
Q

differential for macrocytic anemia

A

megaloblastic anemia
myelodysplasia
drugs
hypothyroidism

69
Q

megaloblastic anemia can be caused by what vitamin deficiencies

A

vitamin B12
folate

70
Q

differential for macrocytic anemia

A

megaloblastic anemia
myelodysplastic syndromes
hypothyroidism

71
Q

differential for microcytic anemia

A

IDA
ACD
thalassemia

72
Q

most common cause of iron deficiency in US

A

chronic blood loss

GI, GU, or GYN tract

73
Q

chronic renal disease would cause which type of anemia?

A

ACD

74
Q

deficiency of intrinsic factor causes

A

B12 deficiency, megaloblastic anemia

75
Q

in thalassemia, serum ferritin and iron are

A

normal

76
Q

increased LDH indicates

A

hemolytic anemia

77
Q

in hemolytic anemia, serum free haptoglobin is

A

decreased

78
Q

in hemolytic anemia, breakdown of hemoglobin leads to increased bilirubin. this causes

A

jaundice, gallstones

79
Q

decreased serum iron
decreased ferritin
increased serum transferrin
increased TIBC

A

IDA

80
Q

low MCV
low MCH
low MCHC
low Hgb
low Hct
low RBCs

A

IDA

81
Q

increased RDW

A

IDA

82
Q

normal bone marrow contains …% of erythroid cells

A

15-30%

83
Q

thalassemia has a …… RDW

A

normal

84
Q

iron therapy stimulates

A

erythropoeisis, increasing the reticulocyte count

85
Q

helpful tests in establishing hemolysis as cause of anemia

A

LDH, haptoglobin, bilirubin

IBI Test 3 (20 decks)

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