B28 Ellis Flashcards
Give a rough overview as to what collagen is
Fibrous protein
Long stiff, triple helical structure
Most collagen Type 1, 2, 3
Where is type one collagen found
In the debris of the skin
Bone
Tendon
What si the arrangement of type one collagen
Close dense packed fibres
What’s I the site of synthesis for type one collagen
Fibroblasts mostly
What si the function of type 1 collagen
Resist Tension
Where is toe 2 collagen found
Hyaline dn elastic cartilage
What si the arrangement of type 2 collagen
Loose collagenous network
Fibrils in a ground substance
What is the site of synthesis for type 2 collagen
Chondroblasts
What si the function of type 2 collagen
Resist intermittent pressure
Where is type 3 collagen found
Smooth muscle
Lungs
Arteries
What si the arrangement of type 3 collagen
Reticular fibres
Where is type 3 collagen syn
Smooth muscle
Reticularis cells
Fibroblasts
What si type 3 collagen function
Structure maintenance in expandable organs
Where is type 4 collagen found
In the basal lamina
Basement mem
What is the arrangement of type 4 collagen
Thin
Amorphous
Not fibres or fibrils
Where is type 4 collagen synthesised
Epi snd endo cells
Muscle cells
Schwann cells
What si the purpose of type 4 collagen
Support and filtration
What is a glycosaminoglycan
Unbranched polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units
What does the disaccharide repeating unit in gags composed of
One amino sugar
Uronic acid
Give an important gag example
Hyaluronan
Is hyaluoronana sulphated
No
What si the structure of hyaluronan
N - acetylglucosamine with glucoronic acid
What sia biological mem
Boundary all cells allowing various means of transport
Passively actively or ion channels
What does a membrane prevent
Prevent molecules generated from inside the cell form leaking out and unwanted molecules form diffusing in; yet have trans system to uptake sp mols
What si selective perm
Dynamic structure proteins
Float in lipids
Fluid mosaic structure
Cells can mediate sp mechanism
Are membranes symmetrical
No the are asymmetric
Always differ
What are lipids
Water insoluble bio molecules that are highly soluble in organic solvents
What are the roles of lipids
Highly concentrated energy stores
Fuel molecules
Signal molecules and messengers in signal transduction
Mem components
What are the three kinds of membrane lipids
Phospholipids
Glycolioids
Cholesterol
What si the makeup of a lipid
Hydrophobic component - tail fatty acid chains
Hydrophillic component - head choline phosphate glycerol
What are glycolioids
Sugar containing lipid derived form sphingosine
In a glycolipid what is the sugar attached to
Primary hydroxyl group rather than phosphate
What are glycolipids used for
Cell cell recognition
What does cholesterol influence mem
Fluidity
What si the structure of cholesterol
4 ring steroid
Hydroxyl
(Hydroxyl head interacts with phospholipids)
What si the lipid bilayer role
Both solvent for the integral mem protiens and a perm barrier
What controls mem fluidity
Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content length of chains, saturation of chain
What are the general principles of cell signalling
Cellular responses Intracellular signal pathways Molecular switches Levels of regulation Intercellular signalling pathways
What si a common way of switching a signal on or off
By phsphorylation
Using kinase to phos
Phosphatase to dephos
What is needed for phosphorylation s
Serine
threonine
Tyrosine
What is a cytoskeleton
Intricate network of protien filaments extend thro cell
What does the cytoskeleton need
Support and shape
Direct movement
Sep chromosomes
Cellular movement
What is the sytosjleotn composed of
Actin filament
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
What makes up the actin filaments
Actin
Long thin fibres
3D
What do the actin filaments allow
Cell movement
Cell division
Ohagcoytosis
Shape contraction - myosin
What are microtubules composed of
Alpha and beta tubulin
Long cylindrical hollow rods
What do microtubules determine
Determine cell shape
Movement
Sep chromosomes
What helps stabilise the microtubules
Map
Extend form centrosome
What structure are intermediate filaments
Role structure
What do the intermediate filaments allow
Mechanical strength
What is a macromolecule
Molecule such as a protein, nucleic acid or polysaccharide with a molecular mass > 1000 Dalton’s
