B2.6 - Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Flashcards
What controls the chemical reactions inside cells?
The chemical reactions inside our cells are controlled by enzymes.
What is respiration and what types of it exist?
Respiration is where cells release energy from glucose.
Aerobic respiration involves oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration does not involve oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is respiration using oxygen.
It is the most efficient means of releasing energy from glucose.
Where does aerobic respiration occur and how often is this?
It occurs in plants, animals, and some bacteria continuously inside the mitochondria of cells.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxde + Water + Energy
What are the uses of glucose from respiration?
1) To build up larger molecules from smaller molecules - such as proteins (larger) from amino acids (smaller).
2) In animals, to allow the muscles to contract. This allows movement.
3) In mammals and birds, to keep the body temperature warm in cooler surroundings.
4) In plants, to build sugars, nitrates, and other nutrients into amino acids, which are then built up into proteins.
How do muscles use oxygen?
Muscles, made of muscle cells, use oxygen to release energy from glucose, which is used to contract the muscles.
What happens during exercise?
The heart rate increases.
The breathing rate increases.
The depth of breathing increases.
Why does the heart rate increase during exercise?
The heart rate increases so there is increased blood flow, so there is more glucose and oxygen to the muscles.
Why does the breathing rate increase during exercise?
The breathing rate increases so there is an increased gaseous exchange. There is more oxygen in and more carbon dioxide out from the muscle cells.
Why does the depth of breathing increase during exercise?
The depth of breathing increases so there is an increased gaseous exchange. This meets the demand for extra oxygen and removes more carbon dioxide.
Where does glycogen come from?
Glucose comes from food, and some of it is stored as glycogen in the muscles.
How is glycogen used?
During vigorous exercise, glucose is used rapidly. To provide more energy, the stored glycogen is converted back into glucose.
Where is glycogen otherwise stored?
It is stored in the liver.
What does anaerobic mean?
Anaerobic means without oxygen.
