B2.1 - Cells

Question 1

What are all living things made of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What are in animal cells?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

Question 3

What are in plant cells?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Chloroplasts

Vacuole

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cell Wall

Question 4

What is the role of the nucleus in plants and animals?

Answer 4

It contains the cell’s genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.

Question 5

What is the role of cytoplasm in animals and plants?

Answer 5

This is where most of the chemical reactions occur. This contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.

Question 6

What is the role of a cell membrane in animals and plants?

Answer 6

It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

Question 7

What is the role of mitochondria in animals and plants?

Answer 7

These are where most of the reactions for respiration take place.

Question 8

What is the role of ribosomes in plant and animal cells?

Answer 8

These are where proteins are made in the cells.

Question 9

What is the role of a cell wall in an animal cell?

Answer 9

They allow for the plant’s shape to be maintained. They are made of cellulose.

Question 10

What is the role of a chloroplast in a plant cell?

Answer 10

They contain chlorophyll which is used for photosynthesis.

Question 11

What is the role of a permanent vacuole in a plant cell?

Answer 11

They are filled with cell sap to keep the cell tight and turgid.

Question 12

What does turgid mean in the context of a plant cell|?

Answer 12

Turgid means that it is full of liquid, so the plant retains its shape.

Question 13

What are the main parts of a bacterial cell?

Answer 13

Bacterial cells have cytoplasm, a cell membrane, and a cell wall. They do not have a nucleus so the genetic material floats in the cytoplasm.

Question 14

What are the main parts of a yeast cell?

Answer 14

Yeast is a microorganism which has a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.

Question 15

What is diffusion?

Answer 15

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It stops when there is an even concentration throughout (net equilibrium).

Question 16

How do dissolved substances move in and out of cells?

Answer 16

Dissolved substances move in and out of cells by diffusion.

Question 17

How does the concentration of a substance affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 17

The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 18

How does oxygen, needed for respiration, pass through cell membranes?

Answer 18

Oxygen, needed for respiration, passes through cell membranes by diffusion.

Question 19

How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?

Answer 19

Flagella for swimming to the egg

Streamlined shape to aid swimming

Enzymes in head to digest wall of egg

Packed with mitochondria for energy

Question 20

How are red blood cells adapted to their function?

Answer 20

Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily.

Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently.

No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin so more oxygen can be carried.

Question 21

How is a nerve cell adapted to its function?

Answer 21

Long axon

Synapses to connect to other nerve cells

Question 22

How are palisade cells adapted to their function?

Answer 22

Packed with chloroplasts to absorb light.

Placed at the top of the leaf to maximise absorption.J

Question 23

How are root hair cells adapted to their function?

Answer 23

Long ‘finger-like’ process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.

No chloroplasts as they are underground.

Question 24

When does diffusion stop?

Answer 24

It stops when there is an even concentration throughout (net equilibrium).