B2.5 enzymes and digestion Flashcards
Define digestive enzymes
They are enzymes that break down food for easy absorption
What produces digestive enzymes?
Specialised cells in glands and the lining of the gut
Where is amylase made and where does it act?
- Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
- Mouth and small intestine
Where is protease made and where does it act?
- Stomach, pancreas and small intestine
- Stomach and small intestine
Where is lipase made and where does it act?
- Pancreas and small intestine
- Small intestine
Why can’t amylase break down protein?
Because the substrate protein doesn’t fit into the active site of amylase
Define denaturing
When the enzyme changes shape due to extreme PH or temperature
Define extracellular
Enzymes working outside the cells
Where is bile produced? Where is it stored and where does it act?
- Liver
- Gall bladder
- Small intestine
What are the symptoms of gallstones? And why do they occur?
- Pale faeces = Bile can’t get into the small intestine
- Jaundice = Bile pigment is deposited in the skin
What does bile do? And what conditions does it need?
- It breaks up fats. It has a larger surface area so enzymes digest them quicker
- It needs alkaline conditions so the enzymes don’t denature
What substrate does amylase need? What is produced? What is the use of the product?
- Starch
- Glucose
- Substance used for respiration
What substrate does protease need? What is produced? What is the use of the product?
- Protein
- Amino acids
- Used to produce other proteins
What substrate does lipase need? What is produced? What is the use of the product?
- Fats and oils
- Fatty acids and glycerol
- Used for cell membranes, making hormones, insulation and energy store
Which enzyme is most commonly found in baby food and why?
Protease, it breaks down the food so the baby can digest it easily
