B2.5 enzymes and digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Define digestive enzymes

A

They are enzymes that break down food for easy absorption

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2
Q

What produces digestive enzymes?

A

Specialised cells in glands and the lining of the gut

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3
Q

Where is amylase made and where does it act?

A
  • Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

- Mouth and small intestine

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4
Q

Where is protease made and where does it act?

A
  • Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

- Stomach and small intestine

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5
Q

Where is lipase made and where does it act?

A
  • Pancreas and small intestine

- Small intestine

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6
Q

Why can’t amylase break down protein?

A

Because the substrate protein doesn’t fit into the active site of amylase

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7
Q

Define denaturing

A

When the enzyme changes shape due to extreme PH or temperature

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8
Q

Define extracellular

A

Enzymes working outside the cells

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9
Q

Where is bile produced? Where is it stored and where does it act?

A
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Small intestine
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10
Q

What are the symptoms of gallstones? And why do they occur?

A
  • Pale faeces = Bile can’t get into the small intestine

- Jaundice = Bile pigment is deposited in the skin

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11
Q

What does bile do? And what conditions does it need?

A
  • It breaks up fats. It has a larger surface area so enzymes digest them quicker
  • It needs alkaline conditions so the enzymes don’t denature
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12
Q

What substrate does amylase need? What is produced? What is the use of the product?

A
  • Starch
  • Glucose
  • Substance used for respiration
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13
Q

What substrate does protease need? What is produced? What is the use of the product?

A
  • Protein
  • Amino acids
  • Used to produce other proteins
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14
Q

What substrate does lipase need? What is produced? What is the use of the product?

A
  • Fats and oils
  • Fatty acids and glycerol
  • Used for cell membranes, making hormones, insulation and energy store
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15
Q

Which enzyme is most commonly found in baby food and why?

A

Protease, it breaks down the food so the baby can digest it easily

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16
Q

What are the advantages of using immobilised enzymes?

A
  • They can be washed and reused
  • They don’t contaminate the substance they are being used for
  • They are less likely to denature