b2.3 - cell specialisation Flashcards
1
Q
diploid cells
A
containing 2 set of chromosomes (2n)
2
Q
morula
A
solid ball of cells (16-32) formed from divisions of zygote
3
Q
blastocyst
A
cluster of dividing cells formed by the fertilised egg
- hollow ball of cells
4
Q
trophoblast
A
- outer layer of blastocyst
- cells will become the placenta
5
Q
inner cell mass (ICM)
A
- cells within the blastocyst that will become the embryo
6
Q
This difference in gene expression is what determines the type of cell that is formed
A
yuh
7
Q
morphogen
A
form-giving molecules secreted by cells in early embryo
8
Q
enterocyte cells
A
- found on surface of villi, in intestines, absorbs nutrients
9
Q
increasing surface area in digestive system
A
- villi on surface of small intestine, enterocytes are found on the surface of villi, each have 600 microvilli
10
Q
increasing surface area in kidney
A
- proximal convoluted tubule has microvilli to absorb substances
11
Q
squamous type 1 pneumocytes
A
- thin cells in the lungs responsible for gas exchange
- reduces diffusion distances
- make up 95% of the alveolar surface
12
Q
type 2 pneumocytes
A
5% of the alveolar surface but outnumber the type I cells. They are cuboidal in shape, with the tip of the cell protruding into the alveolar space
- surface surfactant into alveolar space
13
Q
types of muscles (3)
A
- cardiac (cardiomyocytes)
- skeletal
- smooth
14
Q
cardiomyocytes
A
- 150 micrometres
- single nucleus
- many mitochondria
- branced fibres
15
Q
how are cardiomyocytes connected to each other
A
- branced fibres connects to neighboring cardiomyocytes by gap junctions & intercalated discs
- 3D
