B2.1.1 i) How are organelles interrelated?

Question 1

Hormone production sequence
Protein synthesis
Steps 1-5

Answer 1

1. mRNA copy of the gene for insulin is made in the nucleus
2. mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore
3. mRNA attaches to ribosome, in this case attached to ER
   Ribosome reads the instructions to assemble the protein (insulin)
   4.Insulin molecules are ‘pinched off’ in vesicles & travel towards golgi apparatus
4. Vesicle fuses with golgi apparatus

Question 2

Hormone production sequence
Protein synthesis
Steps 6-9

Answer 2

6. Golgi apparatus processes & packages insulin molecules
7. Packaged insulin molecules are ‘pinched off’ in vesicles from golgi apparatus & move towards cell surface membrane
8. Vesicle fuses with cell surface membrane
9. Cell surface membrane opens to release molecules outside

Question 3

Production of protein
steps 1-4

Answer 3

1. Instructions to make the hormone are in the DNA in the nucleus
2. Specific instruction to make the hormone is known as the gene for the hormone
   Gene is on a chromosome
3. Nucleus copies the instructions in the DNA into a molecule called mRNA
4. mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore & attaches to a ribosome
   In this case, the ribosome is attached to RER

Question 4

Production of protein
Steps 5-7

Answer 4

5.Ribosome reads the instructions & uses the codes to assemble the hormone (protein)
6. Assembled protein inside the RER is pinched off in a vesicle & transported to the golgi apparatus
7. Golgi packages the protein & may modify it ready for release
Now the packaged protein into a vesicle & moved to the cell surface membrane where it is secreted outside