2.1.1 Cell Organelles & functions

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Stores genetic information of the cell as chromosomes
Surrounded by a membrane- nuclear envelope

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

A structure that contains proteins and RNA & is involved in synthesizing new ribosomes

Question 3

Nuclear envelope

Answer 3

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Has nuclear pores that let relatively large molecules through

Question 4

Rough ER

Answer 4

A structure studded with ribosomes
Transports proteins on attached ribosomes
Involved in protein synthesis & packaging

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

Same structure as Rough ER but without ribosomes
Involved in lipid production

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Where complex molecules are stored & changed
Receives proteins from ER, modifies & packages the proteins

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Involved in protein synthesis
Assembly line for coded information

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Site of aerobic respiration
Inner folds form cristae which is turned into a liquid-matrix
Inner membrane- coated in enzymes that catalyse ATP

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Contain powerful digestive enzymes to break down materials (lysozyme)
Specialised vesicles

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

Semi-permeable lipid layer studded with proteins

Question 11

Centrioles

Answer 11

Found in the cytoplasm, made of microtubules- produce spindle fibres in mitosis
9 bundles of microtubules- only found in animal cells
Help in organising cell division

Question 12

Chloroplasts

Answer 12

Found in plants & algae
Site of photosynthesis

Question 13

Cell wall

Answer 13

Rigid outer covering- support the cell

Question 14

Vacuoles

Answer 14

A sac (filled with slime)
Selectively permeable membrane

Question 15

Flagella

Answer 15

Whip-like structure used for cell movement (bacterial cells)

Question 16

Cilia

Answer 16

Hair-like structures
More fluid/materials pass immobile or moving cells