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Sports Science > B2.1 - B2.3 > Flashcards

B2.1 - B2.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between displacement and distance

A

distance is the total length covered, and displacement is the change in position from the starting point to the ending point. Distance is a vector so it has direction distance doesn’t.

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2
Q

newtons second law

A

force = ma

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3
Q

How can a gymnast increase momentum in a somersault

A

Putting a lot of force into the ground in order to propel upwards and tucking fast to decrease inertia and increase rotational velocity.

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4
Q

How can you increase stablity

A

wide base of support, lower center of gravity, the weight of an object affects stability, line of gravity through base of support.

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5
Q

ex of maximizing friction for better performance

A

in track and field Runners rely on friction between their shoes and the track to prevent slipping and to propel themselves forward. Spikes on the bottom of running shoes are designed to increase friction, giving runners better grip and more efficient transfer of force

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6
Q

What are the forces acting on a body as it moves through a fluid?

A

Drag and lift

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7
Q

what is lift

A

a perpendicular force that can occur if there’s an angle or shape that creates pressure differences.

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8
Q

What are the directions of the drag and the lift force?

A

Drag always acts opposite to the direction of motion. Lift acts perpendicular to the direction of motion (often upward)

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9
Q

Explain how frontal area/surface area affect the drag force on an object moving through the air

A

larger surface area/frontal area the more drag

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10
Q

Explain how shape affect the drag force on an object moving through the air

A

larger the shape the more drag

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11
Q

Explain how the velocity affect the drag force on an object moving through the air

A

Higher velocity increases drag

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12
Q

Explain how air density affect the drag force on an object moving through the air

A

higher air density more drag

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13
Q

What is newtons first law

A

Law of inertia an object will stay at rest unless acted upon ex. soccer ball

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14
Q

Newtons third law

A

Every force/action has an equal and opposite reaction ex. gymnast pushing into the floor for a front tuck

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15
Q

Describe the boundary layer

A

A very thin layer of air or fluid that sticks to the surface of an object moving through it. This thin layer is important because it affects how much resistance or drag the object experiences.

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16
Q

What are the phases of a movement

A

Preparatory
Force production
Critical instant
Follow through / recovery

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17
Q

Is equipment required to complete movement analysis?

A

You can observe movement without equipment but they also use cameras sensors timers, and motion captures for deeper analysis.

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18
Q

Analyze the phases of a running gait cycle

A

Stance phase: When the foot is in contact with the ground, divided into heel strike, mid-stance, and toe-off.
Swing phase: When the foot is off the ground, swinging forward to prepare for the next step.

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19
Q

Linear

A

in a straight line ex. ice hockey puck sliding over ice, or skiing

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20
Q

curvilinear

A

in a curve, like a shot put traveling through the air

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21
Q

angular

A

rotation around an axis ex.gymnast rotating around the high bar

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22
Q

General

A

Linear and angular motion together ex. ice skating, biking, running

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23
Q

what is speed

A

scalar

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24
Q

what is mass

A

scalar

25
Q

What is density

A

scalar

26
Q

What is volume

A

scalar

27
Q

What is time

A

scalar

28
Q

What is temprature

A

scalar

29
Q

What is velocity

A

Vector

30
Q

What is force

A

Vector

31
Q

What is acceleration

A

Vector

32
Q

What is gravity

A

Vector

33
Q

What is drag

A

Vector

34
Q

What is impulse

A

Vecotr

35
Q

What is momentum

A

Vector

36
Q

what is the relationship between impulse and momentum

A

greater the impulse = greater change in momentum

37
Q

relashionship between impulse and time

A

increasing the time over which a force is applied to an object results in a greater change in momentum or impulse.

38
Q

When a skater is spinning and puts there arms out there inertia is… and angular velocity is…

A

inertia is getting higher angular velocity is getting lower, when they bring there arms in inertia decreases velocity increases

39
Q

Projectile motion

A

motion of an object that has been dropped or projected into the
air and the only forces acting upon that object are gravity and air resistance.

40
Q

Is air resistance horizontal or verticle?

A

Its horizontal and constant

41
Q

Is gravity horizontal or vertical

A

Vertical

42
Q

What the three things does the pathway of a projectile depend on

A

Initial conditions of projection (height, angle and speed)

Gravity

Air Resistance

43
Q

what do initial conditions of projection include

A

Height of release

Angle of release

Velocity of release

44
Q

How does increase in speed of release affect range

A

even a small increase in speed of release will translate to a large increase of range

45
Q

If the landing height is lower than the projection height what is the optimal angle

A

angle lower than 45

46
Q

When the landing height is equal to the projection height what is the optimal angle

A

45 degrees

47
Q

If the landing height is higher than the projection height what is the optimal angle

A

Higher than 45 degrees

48
Q

Relationship between height of release and range

A

The higher the height of release, the longer the range

49
Q

What is the center of mass

A

The COM is the point around which the mass of a body is evenly distributed

50
Q

Relationship between air resistance and fast moving objects

A

higher air resistance if the object is moving fast slow objects have low air resistance

51
Q

Relationship between slow objects and gravity

A

In slow moving objects, gravity affects the flight path more than air resistance

52
Q

relationship between fast objects and air resistance

A

Is fast moving objects, air resistance exerts more force on the flight path and the object
will experience greater deceleration

53
Q

relationship between weight and air resistance

A

the heavier something is, the less air resistance will
affect it

The lighter an object is, the more air resistance will affect it

54
Q

Discrete skills

A

have a clear start and end

55
Q

Continuous skills

A

just keeps going like swimming running cycling

56
Q

Phases of a continuous skill

A

Entry Phase - begins when the hand enters the water

Pull Phase - begins when the hand starts pulling backwards

Push Phase - begins when the hand is vertical aligned with the shoulder (i.e. pointing to the bottom of
the pool)

Recovery - begins when the hand exits the water

57
Q

What are some benefits of movement analysis for health and health care professionals

A

helps to identify flaws that could lead to injury and fix them to prevent injury, health care professionals can create injury prevention programs, corrective exercises, and rehab protocols,

58
Q

What are some benefits of movement analysis for performance

A

Coaches can look at their teams identify their athletes’ flaws and weaknesses, make proper training interventions to improve technique, assess progress, navigates players returning to play from injury, can help track athletes’ workloads.

Sports Science (3 decks)

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