B2.1 - B2.3 Flashcards
Difference between displacement and distance
distance is the total length covered, and displacement is the change in position from the starting point to the ending point. Distance is a vector so it has direction distance doesn’t.
newtons second law
force = ma
How can a gymnast increase momentum in a somersault
Putting a lot of force into the ground in order to propel upwards and tucking fast to decrease inertia and increase rotational velocity.
How can you increase stablity
wide base of support, lower center of gravity, the weight of an object affects stability, line of gravity through base of support.
ex of maximizing friction for better performance
in track and field Runners rely on friction between their shoes and the track to prevent slipping and to propel themselves forward. Spikes on the bottom of running shoes are designed to increase friction, giving runners better grip and more efficient transfer of force
What are the forces acting on a body as it moves through a fluid?
Drag and lift
what is lift
a perpendicular force that can occur if there’s an angle or shape that creates pressure differences.
What are the directions of the drag and the lift force?
Drag always acts opposite to the direction of motion. Lift acts perpendicular to the direction of motion (often upward)
Explain how frontal area/surface area affect the drag force on an object moving through the air
larger surface area/frontal area the more drag
Explain how shape affect the drag force on an object moving through the air
larger the shape the more drag
Explain how the velocity affect the drag force on an object moving through the air
Higher velocity increases drag
Explain how air density affect the drag force on an object moving through the air
higher air density more drag
What is newtons first law
Law of inertia an object will stay at rest unless acted upon ex. soccer ball
Newtons third law
Every force/action has an equal and opposite reaction ex. gymnast pushing into the floor for a front tuck
Describe the boundary layer
A very thin layer of air or fluid that sticks to the surface of an object moving through it. This thin layer is important because it affects how much resistance or drag the object experiences.
What are the phases of a movement
Preparatory
Force production
Critical instant
Follow through / recovery
Is equipment required to complete movement analysis?
You can observe movement without equipment but they also use cameras sensors timers, and motion captures for deeper analysis.
Analyze the phases of a running gait cycle
Stance phase: When the foot is in contact with the ground, divided into heel strike, mid-stance, and toe-off.
Swing phase: When the foot is off the ground, swinging forward to prepare for the next step.
Linear
in a straight line ex. ice hockey puck sliding over ice, or skiing
curvilinear
in a curve, like a shot put traveling through the air
angular
rotation around an axis ex.gymnast rotating around the high bar
General
Linear and angular motion together ex. ice skating, biking, running
what is speed
scalar
what is mass
scalar
What is density
scalar
What is volume
scalar
What is time
scalar
What is temprature
scalar
What is velocity
Vector
What is force
Vector
What is acceleration
Vector
What is gravity
Vector
What is drag
Vector
What is impulse
Vecotr
What is momentum
Vector
what is the relationship between impulse and momentum
greater the impulse = greater change in momentum
relashionship between impulse and time
increasing the time over which a force is applied to an object results in a greater change in momentum or impulse.
When a skater is spinning and puts there arms out there inertia is… and angular velocity is…
inertia is getting higher angular velocity is getting lower, when they bring there arms in inertia decreases velocity increases
Projectile motion
motion of an object that has been dropped or projected into the
air and the only forces acting upon that object are gravity and air resistance.
Is air resistance horizontal or verticle?
Its horizontal and constant
Is gravity horizontal or vertical
Vertical
What the three things does the pathway of a projectile depend on
Initial conditions of projection (height, angle and speed)
Gravity
Air Resistance
what do initial conditions of projection include
Height of release
Angle of release
Velocity of release
How does increase in speed of release affect range
even a small increase in speed of release will translate to a large increase of range
If the landing height is lower than the projection height what is the optimal angle
angle lower than 45
When the landing height is equal to the projection height what is the optimal angle
45 degrees
If the landing height is higher than the projection height what is the optimal angle
Higher than 45 degrees
Relationship between height of release and range
The higher the height of release, the longer the range
What is the center of mass
The COM is the point around which the mass of a body is evenly distributed
Relationship between air resistance and fast moving objects
higher air resistance if the object is moving fast slow objects have low air resistance
Relationship between slow objects and gravity
In slow moving objects, gravity affects the flight path more than air resistance
relationship between fast objects and air resistance
Is fast moving objects, air resistance exerts more force on the flight path and the object
will experience greater deceleration
relationship between weight and air resistance
the heavier something is, the less air resistance will
affect it
The lighter an object is, the more air resistance will affect it
Discrete skills
have a clear start and end
Continuous skills
just keeps going like swimming running cycling
Phases of a continuous skill
Entry Phase - begins when the hand enters the water
Pull Phase - begins when the hand starts pulling backwards
Push Phase - begins when the hand is vertical aligned with the shoulder (i.e. pointing to the bottom of
the pool)
Recovery - begins when the hand exits the water
What are some benefits of movement analysis for health and health care professionals
helps to identify flaws that could lead to injury and fix them to prevent injury, health care professionals can create injury prevention programs, corrective exercises, and rehab protocols,
What are some benefits of movement analysis for performance
Coaches can look at their teams identify their athletes’ flaws and weaknesses, make proper training interventions to improve technique, assess progress, navigates players returning to play from injury, can help track athletes’ workloads.
