B2 Proteins and Lipids Flashcards
What are proteins made up from?
amino acids
What are amino acids?
A monomer that makes up polypeptide
What is the structure of an amino acid?
H R 0
\ l //
N - C - C
/ l \
H H OH
What groups are in an amino acid?
Amine group , hydrogen group , carboxyl group and variable group
What is the formation of a peptide bond?
Amino acids combine to form dipeptide and water via condensation reaction
Combine (-OH) of one amino acid with (-H) from another amino acid
Amino acids then link by new peptide bond between carbon of one amino acid and nitrogen of another.
What is the primary structure of proteins?
The number and sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
What happens if there is a change in a single amino acid in the primary sequence?
Leads to a change in the shape of the protein and it may stop carrying out its function
What is the secondary structure of protein?
When hydrogen bonds form between amino acids
What are the two secondary structures of protein?
Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet
What is the tertiary structure of protein?
A twisted and folded 3D structure of protein maintained by hydrogen bonds , ionic bonds and disulphide bonds
What is the quaternary structure of protein?
More than one polypeptide chain eg. haemoglobin which has 4 polypeptide chains
What is the test for protein?
Biuret test- if protein is present then the colour will change from blue to violet
What are the two types of lipids?
triglycerides and phospholipids
What does a triglyceride consist of?
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What are the two types of fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated)
