B2 - Enzymes

Question 0

What type of digestive enzyme is amylase?

Answer 0

Carbohydrase

Question 1

What does salivary amylase do in detail?

Answer 1

Breaks down starch molecules into the simple sugar maltose

Question 2

What are the 3 environmental factors that are needed to ensure enzymes work properly?

Answer 2

Suitable pH
Temperature of 37 to 40 degrees
High concentration of the substrate

Question 3

What is an enzyme?

Answer 3

Biological catalyst

Question 4

What does every enzyme have and what does this do?

Answer 4

Active site

This is where the substrate fits in

Question 5

What is a substrate?

Answer 5

The substance taking part in a reaction that needs to be catalysed

Question 6

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

Answer 6

The theory that the active site of an enzyme fits only one type of substrate

Question 7

What is maltase?

Answer 7

The enzyme that breaks down maltose into glucose

Question 8

What does bile do and where does it come from?

Answer 8

Neutralises the acidity of food exiting the stomach and emulsifies fats

It comes from the liver and is stored in the gall bladder

Question 9

How does the food pass from the small intestine to the blood?

Answer 9

The hair-like villi absorb products of digestion into the blood

Question 10

What are enzymes a type of?

Answer 10

Protein

Question 11

What are proteins made of?

Answer 11

Long chains of amino acids

Question 12

What happens if an enzyme is in too high temperatures?

Answer 12

It will become denatured meaning that the active site will change shape so that the substrate will not fit to it

Question 13

What is a catalyst?

Answer 13

A substance that increases the speed of reaction without being used up or changed

Question 14

What does amylase do?

Answer 14

Converts starch into maltose and other sugars

Question 15

What are the 3 places that amylase is made?

Answer 15

Salivary glands

Pancreas

Small intestine

Question 16

What does protease do?

Answer 16

Converts protein into amino acids

Question 17

What 3 places is protease made in?

Answer 17

Stomach (called pepsin)

Pancreas

Small intestine

Question 18

What does lipase do?

Answer 18

Converts lipids (fat) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 19

What 2 places is lipase made in?

Answer 19

Pancreas

Small intestine

Question 20

Describe the digestive system

Answer 20

The food is eaten and the salivary glands produce amylase in the saliva

The food passes down the gullet

It passes into the stomach which pummels the food with its muscular walls, produces pepsin (protease) and produces hydrochloric acid

The hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and gives the right pH for the pepsin to work (pH 2)

The food passes into the small intestine and the gall bladder releases bile into the small intestine and the pancreas produces protease, lipase and amylase enzymes and releases then into the small intestine

The digested food is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the blood

The remaining food passes into the large intestine where the excess water is absorbed out of it

The faeces are stored in the rectum until they pass out through the anus

Question 21

How do biological detergents work?

Answer 21

They contain protease and lipase which break down animal and plant matter like food and blood

Question 22

What is the advantage of biological detergents?

Answer 22

They are more effective at working at lower temperatures than other detergents

Question 23

What 3 ways are enzymes used in foods?

Answer 23

Protease is used in baby food to pre-digest protein to make it easier for the baby to digest

Carbohydrases can be used to turn starch syrup into sugar syrup

Glucose syrup can be changed to fructose syrup using an isomerase enzyme. Fructose is sweeter than glucose so you can use less of it. Useful for slimming foods

Question 24

How are enzymes used in industry?

Answer 24

Catalysts

Question 25

What are the 4 advantages of using enzymes in industry?

Answer 25

They only catalyse the reaction you want them to

Using lower temperatures and pressures means lower cost

They work for a long time so they are cheap in the long run

Biodegradable so they cause less environmental damage

Question 26

What are the 4 disadvantages of using enzymes in industry?

Answer 26

Some people develop allergies to enzymes

Can be denatured by even a small increase in temperature and see susceptible to poisons and changes in pH so the conditions have to be tightly controlled

Can be expensive to produce

Contamination of the enzyme with other substances can affect the reaction

Question 27

What is the type of enzyme that speeds up DNA replication?

Answer 27

DNA polymerases