B2 Cells

Question 1

What does the cell theory state? [3]

Answer 1

-All organisms are composed of one or more cell

-The cell is the most basic unit of life

-All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

-Selectively (partially) permeable

• controls which substances can enter or leave the cell

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains the genetic material (DNA)

• Controls all cell activity

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

-Gel like substance inside the cell which contains the organelles

• Site of chemical reaction

Question 5

Glycogen Granules

Answer 5

• Temporary food store
• Stores carbohydrates

Question 6

Vacuole

Answer 6

• Keeps cell firm (turgid) to support the plant
• contains/stores salt and sugars

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

• Fully permeable
• Made of Cellulose
• Supports and protects the cell (stops it from bursting)

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

• contains a green pigment (Chlorophyl) which absorbs light energy
• Makes Glucose sugar in photosynthesis
  (site of photosynthesis

Question 9

Starch grain

Answer 9

Store of Carbohydrate

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

carries aerobic respiration (releases energy)

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

carries out protein synthesis (building protein)

Question 12

Do plant cells or animal cells have cell walls?

Answer 12

Plant cells

Question 13

Do animal or plant cells contain chloroplast?

Answer 13

Plant cells usually in leaves and stem

Question 14

Do animal or plant cells contain vacuole?

Answer 14

Both contain vacuole

Plants vacuole : Large, central, permanent

Animal vacuole : Small, can be anywhere, temporary

Question 15

Where do plant cells store food?

Answer 15

Starch Grains

Question 16

Where do animal cells store food?

Answer 16

glycogen Granules

Question 17

Relative size of Plant cells

Answer 17

Large

Question 18

relative size of of Animal cells

Answer 18

Small

Question 19

Describe the shape of plant cells

Answer 19

Plant cells are usually regular shaped

Question 20

Describe the shape of animal cells

Answer 20

Animal cells are irregular shaped

Question 21

Similarity of plant and animal cells

Answer 21

They both have:
-Cell membrane
-Ribosomes
-Nucleus
- Mitochondrion
-Cytoplasm

Question 22

What does a bacteria have instead of a nucleus?

Answer 22

Circular DNA

Question 23

What are bacterial cell walls made of?

Answer 23

Made of peptidoglycan which contains protein

Question 24

What is a plasmid?

Answer 24

A small circle of DNA containing survival genes which can be transferred to other bacteria

Question 25

What are animal cells like compared to bacterial cells?

Answer 25

Animal cells are a lot bigger than bacteria cells

Question 26

What are the levels of organisms?

Answer 26

Cell, Tissues, Organ, Organ system, Organism

Question 27

Define cell and give an example for plant and animal

Answer 27

Basic functional and structural Unit in a living organism, eg. Guard cell, Neuron

Question 28

Define tissue and give an example for plant and animal

Answer 28

A tissue is a group of cells made of similar structure working together to perform the same function. (e.g Muscle, Palisade mesophyll)

Question 29

Define organ and give an example for plant and animal

Answer 29

Made from different tissues working together to perform a specific function. (e.g Flower/Eye)

Question 30

Define organ system and give an example for plant and animal

Answer 30

Groups of organs with related functions, working together to perform specific functions. (e.g Transport system/ Circulatory System)

Question 31

Define organism and give an example for plant and animal

Answer 31

A living thing made up of organ system (e.g Tree/People)

Question 32

Formula for image size

Answer 32

I= Magnification x Actual size (I=AM)

Question 33

Formula for Actual size

Answer 33

A = I/M

Question 34

Formula for magnification

Answer 34

M= I/A