B16 Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

chromosomes are made of DNA, which contains genetic information in the
form of genes

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2
Q

What is a Gene

A

A gene is a length of DNA that codes
for a protein

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3
Q

What is an allele

A

alternative form of a
gene

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4
Q

Describe the inheritance of sex in humans

A

XX-Female
XY-Male

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5
Q

What is a Haploid Nucleus

A

a nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes

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6
Q

What is a Diploid Nucleus

A

a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes

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7
Q

What is in a diploid cell

A

There is a pair of each type of chromosome and in a human diploid cell there are 23 pairs

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8
Q

What is Mitosis

A

nuclear division giving
rise to genetically identical cells

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9
Q

What is the role of Mitosis

A

repair of damaged tissues, replacement of cells and
asexual reproduction

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10
Q

what happens before mitosis

A

the exact replication of
chromosomes occurs before mitosis

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11
Q

What happens during mitosis

A

the copies of chromosomes separate, maintaining the
chromosome number in each daughter cell

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12
Q

What is Meiosis

A

meiosis is involved in the
production of gametes

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13
Q

What happens during Meiosis

A

reduction division in
which the chromosome number is halved
from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically
different cells

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14
Q

What is inheritance?

A

the transmission
of genetic information from generation to
generation

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15
Q

What is genotype

A

genetic make-up
of an organism and in terms of the alleles
present

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16
Q

Describe Homozygous

A

two identical
alleles of a particular gene

17
Q

What is Phenotype?

A

the observable
features of an organism

18
Q

What do you call if 2 homozygous parents have a child

A

pure-breeding

19
Q

Describe heterozygous

A

having two different alleles of a particular gene

20
Q

Can a heterozygous parent produce a pure breed?

A

No

21
Q

What is a Dominant allele?

A

an allele that is
expressed if it is present in the genotype

22
Q

What is an recessive allele?

A

an allele that
is only expressed when there is no dominant
allele of the gene present in the genotype