B2 Flashcards
Order of organisation
Organism - A group of organ systems working together
Organ system - A group of organs working together for a specific function
Organ - A group of tissues working together for a specific function
Tissue - A group of similar cells with a similar function
Cell - The smallest functional unit of an organism
How does digestion work
Digestion is where large insoluble molecules are broken down into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Where does amylase release and what does it breakdown
Salivary glands and pancreas
Carbohydrates and simple sugars
Where does protease release and what does it breakdown
Stomach and pancreas
Proteins into amino acids
Where does lipase release and what does it breakdown
Pancreas
Fats and oils into fatty acids
What are enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts which speeds up reactions
What affects enzyme activity
Temperature and PH - denatures the enzyme
What is the bile
Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach. It also emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases the surface area.
What does the right ventricle do
Pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place
What does the left ventricle
Pumps blood around the rest of the body (excluding lungs)
What do the coronary arteries
Supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle.
Arteries
CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART Thick muscular walls Small lumen Carry blood under high pressure Carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary)
Veins
CARRY BLOOD TO THE HEART Thin walls Large lumen Carry blood under low pressure Have valves Carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary)
Capillaries
CONNECT ARTERIES AND VEINS
One cell thick
Carry blood under very low pressure
Red blood cells
Contain the red pigment haemoglobin which carries O2
White blood cells
An important part of the immune system, some produce antibodies
Function of heart valves
Heart valves prevent the blood in the heart from
flowing in the wrong direction.
Communicable disease
These are infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, protists and fungi and are spread in animals
Non communicable disease
These diseases are not caused by infection and cannot be spread
Epidermal
Covers the surface of the plant
Palisade Mesophyll
The cells are packed with chloroplasts it is the site of most of the photosynthesis
Spongy Mesophyll
Photosynthesis also occurs in the cells here
Large air spaces for gas exchange
Xylem and phloem
Form vascular bundles and transport water and glucose around the plant
Meristem
Found at the tips of roots and shoots
Where cell differentiation occurs
