B1W1: Skeletal System Nomenclature

Question 1

Number of bones in body

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

126 bones, 64 in upper limb and 62 in lower limb

Question 3

Axial skeletal

Answer 3

80 bones
24 in vertebral column
24 ribs
1 sternum
1 hyoid
30 in skull (6 ear ossicles)

Question 4

Articulation

Answer 4

Joint; where two or more bones come together

Question 5

Classifying bones by shape

Answer 5

Long bones
Short bones (carpals and tarsals)
Flat bones (protective)
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones (in tendons, where tendon passes over joint for protection)

Question 6

Classifying bones by location

Answer 6

Axial and appendicular

Question 7

Long bones

Answer 7

Shaft is tube of compact bone surrounding a medullary cavity

Question 8

Capitulum

Answer 8

small, round

Question 9

Condyle

Answer 9

knuckle-like

Question 10

crest

Answer 10

ridge of bone

Question 11

Epicondyle

Answer 11

Superior or adjacent to a condyle

Question 12

Facet

Answer 12

smooth, flat area

Question 13

forament

Answer 13

passage through a bone (i.e. foramen magnum)

Question 14

Fossa

Answer 14

hollow or depressed area

Question 15

groove

Answer 15

elongated depression

Question 16

head

Answer 16

large, round articular end

Question 17

line

Answer 17

linear elevation

Question 18

malleolus

Answer 18

rounded process

Question 19

notch

Answer 19

indentation at edge of bone

Question 20

proturberance

Answer 20

projection of bone

Question 21

spine

Answer 21

thorn like process

Question 22

trochanter

Answer 22

large blunt elevation

Question 23

trochlea

Answer 23

spool like, acts as a pulley

Question 24

tubercle

Answer 24

small raised eminence

Question 25

tuberosity

Answer 25

large rounded elevation

Question 26

Fibrous (synarthyrosis) joints

Answer 26

Bones connected by fibrous tissue, little to no movement

–cranial sutures, syndesmosis and gomphosis

Question 27

Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthrosis)

Answer 27

Movement isn’t perfect, but possible, depends on compressibility of the cartilage

Primary: physis (between epiphysis and diaphysis, hyaline that disappears with age)

Secondary: symphysis (slightly moveable joints strongly united with fibrocartilage, like intervertebral discs)

Question 28

Synovial (diarthrosis) joints

Answer 28

Bones slide against each other

Question 29

Classification of synovial joints

Answer 29

According to shape of articulating surfaces and type of movement they permit

Question 30

Synovial joint – plane

Answer 30

articular surfaces are flat (e.g., intercarpal). Plane joints permit gliding motions

Question 31

Synovial joint – hinge

Answer 31

permit flexion and extension only (e.g., elbow).

Question 32

Synovial joint – saddle

Answer 32

permit ab/adduction and flexion/extension (e.g.,

carpometacarpal joint of thumb).

Question 33

Synovial joint – condyloid

Answer 33

permit ab/adduction and flexion/extension, although

movement in one plane is usually greater (e.g., wrist).

Question 34

Synovial joint – ball and socket

Answer 34

allows movement in multiple axes & planes

e.g., shoulder

Question 35

Synovial joint – pivot

Answer 35

permit rotation around a central axis (e.g., superior

radioulnar).

Question 36

Synovial Joint Structure

Answer 36

Joint capsule with outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane (makes fluid for joint)

Joint cavity that contains synovial fluid

Hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces

Question 37

Bursae

Answer 37

Connective tissue sacs filled with fluid, associated with joints which facilitate movement by reducing friction

Question 38

Hilton’s Law

Answer 38

The nerve that supplies a joint also supplies the muscles that move the joint and the skin covering the insertion of the muscles