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Anatomy > B1W1: Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

B1W1: Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Organization of Nervous System

A

CNS: brain, spinal cord (nerve cell bodies)

PNS: nerves, ganglia, nerve endings

  • -afferent=somatic and visceral
  • -efferent=somatic and visceral (sympathetic/parasympathetic, both autonomic)
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2
Q

Ganglia

A

nerve cell bodies outside PNS

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3
Q

Neurons

A

consist of cell body, dendrites, axon

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4
Q

Glila

A

“glue”, non-neuronal structures for support

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5
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

Cell body –> axon –> dendrite, no branching (invertebrates)

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6
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

Axon –> cell body –> dendrite (retina, olfactory)

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7
Q

Pseudounipolar

A

Dendrites to CNS (dorsal root ganglia), cell body branching out, dendrites to skin/muscle

Single branch goes out from cell body

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8
Q

Multipolar

A

several dendrites pop directly off of cell body

normal

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9
Q

Spinal cord and nerves

A

Spinal cord enlarged at cervical/lumbar for lypmhs

Cervical nerves are above their corresponding vertebrae; C8 above T1; spinal nerves then below vertebrae

C1 above atlas, before base of skull

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10
Q

White matter

A

neuron processes (dendrites and axons)

found in inner brain, outer spinal cord

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11
Q

Grey matter

A

neuron cell bodies

cortex, nuclei, ganglia, inner spinal cord

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12
Q

Typical spinal unit

A
  1. gray matter
  2. white matter
  3. motor anterior ventral root and sensory posterior dorsal root
  4. spinal nerve (where ventral and dorsal root combine)
  5. dorsal ramus and ventral ramus
  6. plexuses (lumbosacral, cervical, brachial)
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13
Q

White communicating rami

A

Spinal cord to sympathetic chain at T1-L2; myelinated; “exit ramp”

Sympathetic efference enters to get to sympathetic trunk

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14
Q

Gray communicating rami

A

Connects sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at all levels, “entry ramp”

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15
Q

Sympathetic trunk–coming and going

A

Spinal nerves enter spinal cord by exiting sympathetic trunk via dorsal and ventral rami

To get back to sympathetic trunk, use rami communicants

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16
Q

Genearl model of visceral motor pathway

A

Preganglionic neuron –> ganglia –> post ganglionic neuron

cell body of postganglionic neuron is in ganglion
parasympathetic=cranial sacral outflow
sympathetic=thoracolumbar outflow

17
Q

Clinical concerns: somatic sensory

A

If spinal nerves damaged, will lose feeling in very specific places (dermatome map)

18
Q

Clinical concerns: Somatic motor

A

If damaged, paralysis

Check reflexes to know certain nerves working

19
Q

Clinical concerns: Visceral sensory

A

Referred pain; since visceral and somatic sensory info synapses in same place, body believes pain is coming from somatic sensory (i.e. heart attack, arm hurts)

20
Q

Clinical concerns: Visceral motor

A

Could lose homeostatic fn

21
Q

C6

A

controls thumb

22
Q

C8

A

controls little finger

23
Q

L1-L4

A

anterior/inner surface of lower limb

24
Q

S2, S3, S4

A

perineum

25
Q

T4

A

nipple

26
Q

T10

A

umbilicus

27
Q

Where is the spinal cord enlarged at?

A

Cervical and lumbar regions for innervating the lymphs

28
Q

For a given spinal nerve, how does it exit the vertebral canal?

A

Passing through an intervertebral foramen

29
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Caudal end of the spinal cord that ends at L1/L2 vertebral level; creates pool of CSF in lumbar region that lets us do lumbar puncture and spinal tap

30
Q

Cauda equina

A

What spinal roots of lower spinal cord form

31
Q

Three plexuses

A

networks of peripheral nerves formed by ventral primary rami

cervical, brachial, lumbrosacral

32
Q

Dorsal/posterior ramus

A

innervates skin/muscles of back

33
Q

Ventral/anterior ramus

A

innervates body in wall of stomach

34
Q

Sympathetic NS organization

A

Thoracolumbar outflow

Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located within T1-L2 levels of the spinal cord in interomediolateral cell column

35
Q

Parasympathetic NS organization

A

Craniosacral outflow

Preganglionic neuron cell bodies within the brainstem or S2-S4 levels of spinal cord in interomediolateral cell column

Anatomy (8 decks)

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